CVE-2025-68461 is a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability classified under CWE-79, affecting Roundcube Webmail versions before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of input during web page generation, specifically via the animate tag in SVG documents. This allows an attacker to inject malicious JavaScript code that executes in the context of the victim's browser when viewing crafted SVG content within the webmail interface. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, increasing its exploitability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.2, reflecting a high severity due to the network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and a scope change that affects confidentiality and integrity but not availability. Exploiting this vulnerability could enable attackers to steal session tokens, perform actions on behalf of the user, or exfiltrate sensitive information accessible through the webmail interface. Although no public exploits are reported yet, the presence of this vulnerability in widely used open-source webmail software poses a significant risk, especially for organizations relying on Roundcube for email services. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper input sanitization and output encoding when handling SVG content in web applications.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-68461 can be substantial, particularly for those using Roundcube Webmail as their primary email client. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive email content, session hijacking, and potential lateral movement within the organization's network. This undermines confidentiality and integrity of communications, potentially exposing personal data, intellectual property, or confidential business information. Given the critical role of email in business and government operations, such breaches could disrupt workflows, damage reputations, and lead to regulatory penalties under GDPR if personal data is compromised. The vulnerability's ease of exploitation without authentication or user interaction increases the risk of widespread attacks. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces relying on webmail access are especially vulnerable. Although availability is not directly impacted, the indirect consequences of data breaches and trust erosion can be severe.

To mitigate CVE-2025-68461, organizations should immediately upgrade Roundcube Webmail to versions 1.5.12 or 1.6.12 and later, where the vulnerability is patched. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, implement strict Content Security Policies (CSP) to restrict script execution and limit the impact of injected scripts. Additionally, sanitize and validate all SVG content uploaded or rendered within the webmail interface, specifically filtering or disabling the animate tag. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting XSS payloads in SVGs to provide an additional layer of defense. Regularly audit and monitor webmail logs for suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Educate users about the risks of interacting with unexpected or suspicious email content containing SVG attachments. Finally, maintain an incident response plan tailored to webmail compromise scenarios to enable rapid containment and remediation.