VulnerabilityPublished 9 Mar 2026Updated 11 Mar 2026

CVE-2025-70028: SunbirdEd-portal · Path Traversal

Affects SunbirdEd-portalSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 37% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 9 Mar 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubsunbird-ed/SunbirdEd-portal`pkg:github/sunbird-ed/SunbirdEd-portal`Other threats	Affected =1.13.4	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

Restrict network access to the SunbirdEd-portal to trusted IP ranges and internal networks to reduce exposure to remote attacks.
Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules specifically designed to detect and block path traversal attempts targeting the portal.
Monitor application logs and network traffic for unusual pathname requests or repeated access attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts.
Employ virtual patching techniques at the network or application layer to sanitize and validate all user-supplied file path inputs, ensuring they cannot escape the intended directory boundaries.
Isolate the affected portal instance in a controlled environment to limit potential damage and facilitate monitoring.
Engage with the vendor or community to obtain updates on patch availability and apply official patches immediately once released.
Educate system administrators and security teams about the vulnerability details and signs of exploitation to enhance detection and response capabilities.
Consider deploying intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for path traversal attacks to provide early warnings.

Description

CVE-2025-70028 is a high-severity path traversal vulnerability (CWE-22) found in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal version 1.13.4. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause a denial of service by exploiting improper limitation of pathnames, potentially disrupting availability. There is no known exploit in the wild yet, and no patch has been published. The vulnerability does not impact confidentiality or integrity but can severely affect system availability. Exploitation requires no privileges or user interaction and can be performed remotely over the network. Organizations using SunbirdEd-portal should prioritize monitoring and mitigating this issue to prevent service disruptions. Countries with significant deployments of SunbirdEd-portal, especially in education sectors, are at higher risk. Immediate mitigation steps include restricting access, applying virtual patching, and monitoring for suspicious path traversal attempts until an official patch is released.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-70028 is on the availability of the SunbirdEd-portal service. Successful exploitation can lead to denial of service, disrupting access to educational resources and administrative functions provided by the portal. This can affect students, educators, and administrators relying on the platform for daily operations. While confidentiality and integrity are not directly impacted, the loss of availability can cause significant operational disruption, reputational damage, and potential financial costs related to downtime and incident response. Organizations with large deployments of SunbirdEd-portal, especially in education sectors, may face widespread service interruptions. The ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the risk of automated attacks or scanning by opportunistic threat actors. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers often develop exploits rapidly after vulnerability disclosure.

Summary

CVE-2025-70028 is a path traversal vulnerability classified under CWE-22 affecting Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal version 1.13.4. Path traversal vulnerabilities occur when an application improperly restricts file path inputs, allowing attackers to access directories and files outside the intended restricted directory. In this case, the vulnerability enables an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate pathname inputs to access or disrupt system files, leading primarily to denial of service conditions. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.5, indicating high severity, with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, meaning the attack can be launched remotely without authentication or user interaction, and it impacts availability only. Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild, the lack of patches and the ease of exploitation make this a significant threat. The vulnerability could be exploited to crash the application or cause resource exhaustion by accessing unintended files or directories, thereby denying legitimate users access to the portal. SunbirdEd-portal is an educational platform, so exploitation could disrupt educational services and access to learning resources. The absence of patches necessitates immediate defensive measures to mitigate risk until an official fix is available.

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #6OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
Implementation · Input Validation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks…
Implementation · Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174).
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Path Traversal (opens in a new tab)
Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic (opens in a new tab)
Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls (opens in a new tab)
Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding (opens in a new tab)
Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 17 Mar 2026, 19:04 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-22

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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