VulnerabilityPublished 9 Mar 2026

CVE-2025-70033: SunbirdEd-portal · CVE-2025-70033 is a medium severity

Affects SunbirdEd-portalSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.4 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.4Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 16% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 9 Mar 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubsunbird-ed/SunbirdEd-portal`pkg:github/sunbird-ed/SunbirdEd-portal`Other threats	Affected =1.13.4	Fixed in–

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AI-suggested

Organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data to prevent injection of malicious scripts. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict script execution sources. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with rules tailored to detect and block XSS payloads targeting SunbirdEd portals. Monitor web traffic for suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted links or inputs within the portal. Coordinate with SunbirdEd developers or vendors to obtain patches or updates once available. In the interim, consider restricting access to the portal to trusted networks or users where feasible. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on input handling and XSS vulnerabilities. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly address any compromise.

Description

CVE-2025-70033 is a medium severity vulnerability in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal v1.13.4 related to improper neutralization of input during web page generation (CWE-79), commonly known as a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) issue. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject malicious scripts via crafted input, requiring user interaction but no authentication. Exploitation can lead to limited confidentiality and integrity impacts, such as theft of user session data or manipulation of displayed content. There are no known exploits in the wild, and no official patches have been released yet. Organizations using this version of SunbirdEd-portal should prioritize input validation and output encoding to mitigate risks. Countries with significant adoption of SunbirdEd or similar educational platforms, especially those with large deployments in education sectors, are at higher risk. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.4, indicating a medium severity level.

Impact

The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized execution of malicious scripts in the context of users visiting the affected SunbirdEd portal, potentially resulting in theft of session cookies, user impersonation, or manipulation of displayed content. This compromises confidentiality and integrity of user data and interactions. While availability is not impacted, the trustworthiness of the portal is at risk, which can disrupt educational activities and user confidence. Organizations relying on SunbirdEd-portal v1.13.4, especially educational institutions, may face targeted phishing or social engineering attacks leveraging this vulnerability. The lack of authentication requirement and remote exploitability increase the attack surface. Although no active exploitation is reported, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks or automated scanning campaigns, especially in regions with high adoption of this platform.

Summary

CVE-2025-70033 identifies a vulnerability in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal version 1.13.4, categorized under CWE-79, which pertains to improper neutralization of input during web page generation. This vulnerability is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where the application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before including it in web pages. As a result, an attacker can craft malicious input that, when rendered by the victim's browser, executes arbitrary JavaScript code. The CVSS vector indicates the attack is remotely exploitable over the network (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), but does require user interaction (UI:R). The impact affects confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent (C:L/I:L), with no impact on availability (A:N). The vulnerability does not require authentication, increasing its exposure. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the presence of this vulnerability in an educational portal platform used by institutions worldwide poses a risk of session hijacking, phishing, or content manipulation attacks. The lack of available patches necessitates immediate mitigation through input validation, output encoding, and possibly web application firewall (WAF) rules. The vulnerability was reserved in January 2026 and published in March 2026, indicating recent discovery and disclosure.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 16 Mar 2026, 19:17 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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