The vulnerability CVE-2025-70063 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw in the 'Medical History' module of PHPGurukul Hospital Management System version 4.0. This vulnerability arises because the application does not verify that the 'viewid' parameter, which identifies a patient's medical record, belongs to the currently authenticated user. As a result, an authenticated patient can manipulate the 'viewid' parameter by iterating through integer values to access other patients' confidential medical records without authorization. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key). The CVSS v3.1 score is 6.5 (medium severity) with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, indicating that the attack can be performed remotely over the network with low attack complexity, requires low privileges (authenticated user), no user interaction, and results in a high confidentiality impact without affecting integrity or availability. No patches or known exploits are currently available. The vulnerability poses a significant privacy risk, exposing sensitive patient data and violating data protection regulations such as GDPR. The lack of proper access control checks is a critical design flaw that must be addressed to prevent unauthorized data disclosure.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to patient privacy and data protection compliance. Unauthorized access to medical records can lead to breaches of GDPR, resulting in substantial fines and reputational damage. Healthcare providers may face legal liabilities and loss of patient trust. The exposure of sensitive health information can also lead to secondary harms such as discrimination or identity theft. Since the vulnerability requires only authenticated access, insider threats or compromised patient accounts could be leveraged to exploit this flaw. The medium CVSS score reflects the moderate ease of exploitation combined with the high confidentiality impact. The lack of impact on integrity and availability means the system's operation remains intact, but the confidentiality breach alone is critical in healthcare contexts. European healthcare systems are increasingly targeted by cyber adversaries, making timely mitigation essential to protect sensitive data.

1. Implement strict server-side authorization checks to ensure that the 'viewid' parameter corresponds only to the authenticated patient's records. 2. Employ role-based access control (RBAC) or attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanisms to enforce fine-grained access policies. 3. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing focusing on access control vulnerabilities, especially IDOR issues. 4. Monitor and audit access logs for unusual patterns, such as sequential 'viewid' access attempts, which may indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Educate developers on secure coding practices to prevent similar authorization bypass vulnerabilities. 6. If possible, apply input validation and parameterization to restrict 'viewid' values to authorized ranges. 7. Engage with the vendor or development team to obtain or develop patches addressing this vulnerability. 8. Consider implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk of compromised accounts being used to exploit this flaw. 9. Inform patients about best practices for account security to mitigate risks from compromised credentials.