CVE-2025-7158 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.1 of the PHPGurukul Zoo Management System, specifically within the /admin/manage-normal-ticket.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ID' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows an attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild. The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3 (medium severity) reflects that the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required. However, the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited (low) as per the CVSS vector, indicating that the scope of damage may be constrained or mitigated by other factors. SQL Injection vulnerabilities typically enable attackers to read, modify, or delete database contents, potentially leading to data leakage, unauthorized data manipulation, or denial of service. Given the affected functionality relates to ticket management in an administrative interface, exploitation could disrupt operational workflows or expose sensitive ticketing data within the zoo management system.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Zoo Management System 2.1, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized database access and manipulation. Although the product is niche, organizations managing zoological parks, wildlife reserves, or related facilities in Europe that rely on this system could face operational disruptions, data breaches involving ticketing or visitor information, and reputational damage. The ability to remotely exploit this vulnerability without authentication increases the threat level, especially if the system is exposed to the internet or insufficiently segmented within internal networks. Data confidentiality could be compromised, potentially violating GDPR requirements if personal data is involved. Integrity of ticketing records could be undermined, affecting business processes and financial transactions. Availability impact appears limited but could still affect service continuity if attackers delete or corrupt data. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise or widespread impact without additional factors.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately review and update the PHPGurukul Zoo Management System to a patched version once available from the vendor. In the absence of an official patch, applying input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /admin/manage-normal-ticket.php script to sanitize the 'ID' parameter is critical to prevent SQL injection. Network-level controls such as restricting access to the administrative interface via VPN or IP whitelisting can reduce exposure. Implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules can provide an additional layer of defense. Regular security audits and code reviews should be conducted to identify similar injection flaws. Monitoring logs for suspicious database queries or unusual access patterns can help detect exploitation attempts early. Finally, ensure backups of the database are current and tested to enable recovery in case of data corruption or deletion.