CVE-2025-7231 is a high-severity remote code execution vulnerability affecting INVT VT-Designer version 2.1.13. The vulnerability arises from an out-of-bounds write condition (CWE-787) during the parsing of PM3 files. Specifically, the software fails to properly validate user-supplied data within these files, which leads to a write operation beyond the allocated memory buffer. This memory corruption can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the VT-Designer process. Exploitation requires user interaction, such as opening a maliciously crafted PM3 file or visiting a web page that triggers the file parsing. The vulnerability does not require prior authentication and has a CVSS 3.0 base score of 7.8, indicating high severity. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning the attacker must have local access or trick the user into opening the malicious file. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as arbitrary code execution can lead to full system compromise or data theft. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been published yet. The vulnerability was identified and assigned by the Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) as ZDI-CAN-25724.

For European organizations using INVT VT-Designer 2.1.13, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. VT-Designer is used for industrial automation and control system design, so exploitation could lead to unauthorized control or disruption of critical industrial processes. This could result in operational downtime, safety hazards, intellectual property theft, and potential regulatory non-compliance. Since the vulnerability allows code execution with the privileges of the running process, attackers could pivot within the network, escalate privileges, or deploy ransomware. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering attacks could be used to deliver the malicious PM3 files. European industries with heavy reliance on industrial automation, such as manufacturing, energy, and utilities, are particularly at risk. The impact extends beyond IT systems to physical processes, increasing the potential for severe operational and safety consequences.

Organizations should immediately identify and inventory all instances of INVT VT-Designer 2.1.13 in their environment. Until a vendor patch is released, implement strict controls on file handling: restrict the opening of PM3 files to trusted sources only, and educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious files. Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to limit the execution context of VT-Designer. Network segmentation should isolate systems running VT-Designer from less trusted networks to reduce exposure. Monitor for unusual process behavior or memory anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts. Additionally, consider deploying endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of detecting exploitation patterns related to out-of-bounds writes and remote code execution. Once a patch is available, prioritize its deployment. Finally, review and enhance phishing defenses and user awareness training to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks delivering malicious PM3 files.