CVE-2025-7783 is a critical vulnerability classified under CWE-330, which concerns the use of insufficiently random values. This specific vulnerability affects the 'form-data' library, versions prior to 2.5.4, versions 3.0.0 through 3.0.3, and versions 4.0.0 through 4.0.3. The vulnerability arises from the use of insufficiently random values in the handling of form data, specifically within the JavaScript file lib/form_data.js. This weakness enables HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) attacks, where an attacker can manipulate or inject multiple HTTP parameters with the same name, potentially causing unexpected behavior in web applications that rely on this library for parsing form data. The CVSS 4.0 score of 9.4 indicates a critical severity, with the vector showing network attack vector (AV:N), high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:H, VI:H, VA:N). The scope is high (SC:H), indicating that the vulnerability affects components beyond the vulnerable component itself, and the impact is significant across integrity and confidentiality. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and severity suggest that exploitation could lead to serious consequences such as unauthorized data manipulation, leakage, or denial of service. The lack of available patches at the time of publication further increases the risk for affected users. Organizations using the affected versions of the form-data library in their web applications are at risk, especially if these applications process sensitive or critical data. Attackers could exploit this vulnerability remotely without authentication or user interaction, making it highly dangerous in exposed environments.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-7783 can be substantial. Many enterprises and service providers rely on Node.js and associated libraries like form-data for handling HTTP requests and form submissions. Exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to HTTP Parameter Pollution attacks that may bypass input validation, manipulate server-side logic, or cause data corruption. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive information, data integrity violations, or service disruptions. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, which handle large volumes of sensitive personal and operational data, are particularly vulnerable. The critical severity and network exploitability without authentication mean attackers can target exposed web applications directly, potentially leading to data breaches or operational outages. Additionally, the high scope impact suggests that exploitation could affect multiple components or services within an organization's infrastructure, amplifying the damage. Given the GDPR regulations in Europe, any data breach resulting from this vulnerability could also lead to significant legal and financial penalties. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the critical nature demands urgent attention.

1. Immediate upgrade: Organizations should promptly upgrade the form-data library to a version later than 2.5.4, 3.0.3, or 4.0.3 as applicable, once patches are released. Until patches are available, consider downgrading to a known safe version if feasible. 2. Input validation and sanitization: Implement strict server-side validation to detect and reject HTTP requests containing duplicate or suspicious parameters to mitigate HTTP Parameter Pollution. 3. Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy or update WAF rules to detect and block HTTP Parameter Pollution attack patterns targeting form-data parsing. 4. Monitoring and logging: Enhance logging of HTTP requests to identify unusual parameter usage patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Dependency management: Regularly audit and monitor dependencies for vulnerabilities and apply security updates promptly. 6. Isolation and segmentation: Limit the exposure of services using the vulnerable library by network segmentation and restricting access to trusted sources. 7. Incident response readiness: Prepare for potential exploitation by developing response plans that include forensic analysis and containment strategies. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on immediate version management, proactive detection, and containment strategies tailored to the nature of the vulnerability.