CVE-2025-7864 is a vulnerability identified in thinkgem JeeSite, a Java-based enterprise application framework, affecting all versions up to and including 5.12.0. The flaw exists in the file upload functionality implemented in src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/file/web/FileUploadController.java. Specifically, the vulnerability allows for unrestricted file uploads, meaning an attacker can remotely upload arbitrary files without proper validation or restrictions. This could enable the attacker to upload malicious files such as web shells or scripts, potentially leading to remote code execution, data compromise, or further system compromise. The vulnerability requires no user interaction and can be exploited remotely, but it does require low-level privileges (PR:L) on the system, indicating that some form of authentication or access is needed, though not necessarily administrative. The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting moderate impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and a patch has been issued (commit identifier 3585737d21fe490ff6948d913fcbd8d99c41fc08). No known active exploits in the wild have been reported yet. The unrestricted upload flaw is critical because file upload functions are common attack vectors, and improper validation can lead to severe consequences such as server takeover or data leakage. The vulnerability affects a broad range of JeeSite versions, indicating a long-standing issue in the product's lifecycle. Organizations using JeeSite versions 5.0 through 5.12.0 should prioritize patching to mitigate this risk.

For European organizations using thinkgem JeeSite, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to web application security. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized file uploads, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected servers, potentially compromising sensitive data, disrupting services, or pivoting to internal networks. Given JeeSite's use in enterprise environments for content management and business applications, the impact could extend to data breaches, operational downtime, and reputational damage. The medium CVSS score suggests that while exploitation requires some privilege, the ease of remote attack and lack of user interaction increase risk. European entities in sectors such as government, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing that rely on JeeSite for critical applications could face targeted attacks. Additionally, compliance with GDPR and other data protection regulations means that a breach resulting from this vulnerability could lead to regulatory penalties and legal consequences. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as exploit code is publicly available. Organizations should act proactively to prevent potential exploitation.

1. Immediate application of the official patch identified by commit 3585737d21fe490ff6948d913fcbd8d99c41fc08 to all affected JeeSite instances is critical. 2. Implement strict file upload validation controls, including whitelisting allowed file types, enforcing file size limits, and scanning uploaded files for malware. 3. Restrict file upload permissions to authenticated and authorized users only, minimizing the attack surface. 4. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious file upload attempts. 5. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. 6. Monitor logs for unusual upload activity or errors indicative of exploitation attempts. 7. Isolate the file upload directory with minimal permissions and disable execution rights on uploaded files to prevent execution of malicious scripts. 8. Educate development teams on secure coding practices related to file handling. 9. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from potential compromises. These measures, combined with patching, will significantly reduce the risk posed by this vulnerability.