CVE-2025-7904 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the itsourcecode Insurance Management System, specifically within the /insertNominee.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of the 'nominee_id' parameter, allowing an attacker to manipulate the SQL query executed by the application. This manipulation can lead to unauthorized access or modification of the underlying database. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting that while the attack vector is network-based and requires low complexity, it requires low privileges and results in low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, but no known exploits are reported in the wild yet. The lack of a patch or mitigation details indicates that affected organizations must proactively address this issue to prevent potential exploitation. SQL Injection vulnerabilities can allow attackers to extract sensitive data, modify or delete records, or escalate privileges within the system, which is particularly critical in insurance management systems that handle personal and financial data.

For European organizations using the itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of data breach, data integrity compromise, and potential disruption of insurance operations. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could access sensitive customer information, including personal identification and insurance details, leading to privacy violations under GDPR regulations. The integrity of insurance records could be compromised, affecting claims processing and policy management. Additionally, unauthorized database modifications could disrupt business continuity. Given the critical nature of insurance data and regulatory requirements in Europe, exploitation could result in significant financial penalties, reputational damage, and loss of customer trust. Although the CVSS score is medium, the criticality of the data involved elevates the practical impact for affected organizations.

1. Immediate code review and validation: Organizations should audit the /insertNominee.php script to identify and sanitize all inputs, especially the 'nominee_id' parameter, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL Injection. 2. Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAF): Deploy WAFs with rules to detect and block SQL Injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. 3. Access control review: Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of potential exploitation. 4. Monitor logs and network traffic: Set up alerts for unusual database queries or repeated failed attempts to exploit the 'nominee_id' parameter. 5. Vendor engagement: Contact itsourcecode for official patches or updates and apply them promptly once available. 6. Incident response readiness: Prepare to respond to potential data breaches, including notification procedures compliant with GDPR. 7. Consider application-layer encryption for sensitive data to reduce exposure in case of database compromise.