CVE-2025-7904 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the itsourcecode Insurance Management System, specifically within the /insertNominee.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'nominee_id' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits have been reported in the wild to date. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting that the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, but with limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability could potentially allow unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion within the insurance management system's database, compromising sensitive client and business information. Given the critical nature of insurance data, such unauthorized access could lead to data breaches, regulatory non-compliance, and reputational damage.

For European organizations using the itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive insurance data, including personal client information and policy details. Exploitation could result in unauthorized disclosure of personal data, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, leading to substantial fines and legal consequences. Additionally, data manipulation or deletion could disrupt business operations and damage trust with customers and partners. The remote exploitability without authentication increases the threat level, especially for organizations with externally accessible systems. Insurance companies in Europe are prime targets due to the valuable nature of their data and the regulatory environment emphasizing data security and privacy.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should immediately apply any available patches or updates from itsourcecode. In the absence of official patches, organizations should implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection in the /insertNominee.php endpoint. Web application firewalls (WAFs) should be configured to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the nominee_id parameter. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focusing on SQL injection vectors. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of a potential injection attack. Additionally, monitor logs for suspicious database queries or unusual application behavior. Network segmentation and limiting external access to the insurance management system can further reduce exposure.