CVE-2025-7905 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the itsourcecode Insurance Management System, specifically within the /insertPayment.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'recipt_no' parameter, which an attacker can manipulate to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, although no known exploits have been observed in the wild yet. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting that the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required, but with limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability could potentially allow attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive insurance payment data, or escalate their access within the system, depending on the database permissions. Since the affected software is an insurance management system, the data at risk likely includes sensitive customer financial and personal information, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations handling insurance operations.

For European organizations using the itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive insurance payment records, potentially exposing personal and financial data of European citizens, which would have serious privacy and regulatory implications under GDPR. Data integrity could be compromised, affecting billing accuracy and trustworthiness of financial records. Availability impact is limited but could occur if attackers execute destructive SQL commands. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation, especially if the system is exposed to the internet or insufficiently segmented internally. Given the critical nature of insurance data and the regulatory environment in Europe, even a medium-severity vulnerability warrants prompt attention to avoid reputational damage, legal penalties, and financial loss.

To mitigate CVE-2025-7905, organizations should immediately apply any available patches or updates from itsourcecode for the Insurance Management System. If patches are not yet available, implement the following specific measures: 1) Employ strict input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /insertPayment.php script to prevent SQL injection. 2) Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary, avoiding use of highly privileged accounts for application database connections. 3) Use web application firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection and blocking rules tailored to the vulnerable parameter 'recipt_no'. 4) Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on injection flaws in all input handling components. 5) Segment and isolate the insurance management system network to limit exposure. 6) Monitor logs for suspicious database queries or repeated access attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. 7) Educate developers and administrators on secure coding practices and vulnerability management. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific vulnerable parameter and the operational context of the insurance system.