CVE-2025-7906 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting yangzongzhuan's RuoYi product versions 4.8.0 and 4.8.1. The vulnerability resides in the uploadFile function within the CommonController.java file of the ruoyi-admin module. Specifically, the issue is an unrestricted file upload flaw, which allows an attacker to manipulate the File argument and upload arbitrary files to the server without proper validation or restrictions. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring user interaction or prior authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a low degree, as the CVSS vector indicates low impact on these aspects (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L). Although the CVSS score is 5.3 (medium), the exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. However, there are no known exploits currently observed in the wild. The vulnerability could allow attackers to upload malicious files such as web shells or scripts, potentially leading to remote code execution or unauthorized access if the uploaded files are executed or processed by the server. The lack of authentication requirement and the remote attack vector make this vulnerability a notable risk for organizations using affected versions of RuoYi, especially if the upload endpoint is exposed to untrusted networks. No official patches or mitigation links are provided in the data, which suggests organizations must apply their own controls or upgrade to unaffected versions once available.

For European organizations using yangzongzhuan RuoYi versions 4.8.0 or 4.8.1, this vulnerability presents a tangible risk of unauthorized file uploads leading to potential compromise of web servers or backend systems. The ability to upload arbitrary files remotely without authentication can facilitate attacks such as web shell deployment, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within the network. This could impact the confidentiality of sensitive data, integrity of applications, and availability of services if attackers disrupt operations or deploy ransomware. Given the medium severity and public disclosure, organizations that have not yet mitigated this vulnerability are at increased risk. The impact is particularly critical for sectors with high regulatory requirements in Europe, such as finance, healthcare, and government, where data breaches or service disruptions can lead to significant legal and reputational consequences. Additionally, if the RuoYi platform is integrated with other critical systems, the vulnerability could serve as an entry point for broader attacks. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but should not lead to complacency, as public exploit code availability often precedes active exploitation campaigns.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the uploadFile endpoint by implementing network-level controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN-only access to administrative interfaces. 2. Implement strict server-side validation of uploaded files, including file type, size, and content scanning to prevent malicious payloads. 3. Employ application-layer security controls such as Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block suspicious upload attempts. 4. Monitor logs for unusual upload activity or file types and set up alerts for anomalous behavior. 5. If possible, upgrade to a patched or newer version of RuoYi that addresses this vulnerability once available. 6. Conduct a thorough security review of all file upload functionalities across the application to identify and remediate similar weaknesses. 7. Isolate the upload directory with minimal permissions and ensure uploaded files cannot be executed directly by the web server. 8. Educate development and operations teams about secure file upload practices to prevent recurrence. 9. Regularly update and patch all components of the RuoYi platform and underlying infrastructure to reduce attack surface.