CVE-2025-8475 is a high-severity stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability affecting the Alpine iLX-507, a multimedia receiver device commonly used in automotive environments. The flaw resides in the implementation of the Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) Bluetooth protocol stack. Specifically, the vulnerability arises due to improper validation of the length of user-supplied data before copying it into a fixed-length buffer on the stack. This lack of bounds checking allows a network-adjacent attacker to craft malicious AVRCP packets that overflow the buffer, potentially overwriting the stack and enabling arbitrary code execution with root privileges on the device. Exploitation requires user interaction in the form of the target device connecting to a malicious Bluetooth device controlled by the attacker. Once exploited, the attacker can execute code with the highest privileges, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device. The vulnerability is identified as CWE-121 (Stack-based Buffer Overflow) and has a CVSS 3.0 base score of 7.4, reflecting high severity. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a significant risk, especially in environments where Alpine iLX-507 devices are deployed. The affected version is 6.0.000 of the Alpine iLX-507 firmware. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on August 1, 2025, by the Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) under identifier ZDI-CAN-26321. The attack vector is adjacent network access (Bluetooth), requiring low attack complexity but some user interaction (device pairing or connection). The scope is unchanged, meaning the exploit affects only the vulnerable device without impacting other connected systems directly. The vulnerability allows full compromise of the device, which could be leveraged to pivot into vehicle systems or connected networks depending on deployment context.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-8475 can be significant, particularly for those in the automotive, transportation, and fleet management sectors where Alpine iLX-507 devices are installed in vehicles. Successful exploitation could lead to full compromise of the infotainment system, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate vehicle controls if the infotainment system interfaces with vehicle networks (e.g., CAN bus). This could result in safety risks, data theft, or disruption of vehicle operations. Additionally, compromised devices could serve as entry points into corporate networks if vehicles connect to enterprise systems via Bluetooth or other wireless interfaces. The confidentiality of sensitive data stored or processed by the device could be breached, and integrity of vehicle functions could be undermined. Availability may also be impacted if the device is rendered inoperable or unstable. Given the requirement for user interaction (connecting to a malicious Bluetooth device), the risk is somewhat mitigated by user awareness but remains relevant in scenarios such as public parking areas, service centers, or fleet operations where attackers could gain proximity. The lack of patches at the time of disclosure increases exposure. Organizations relying on Alpine iLX-507 devices should consider this vulnerability a high priority for risk assessment and mitigation to prevent potential safety, operational, and data security incidents.

1. Immediate mitigation involves restricting Bluetooth connectivity to trusted devices only and disabling automatic pairing or discovery modes on Alpine iLX-507 devices to reduce exposure to malicious devices. 2. Implement strict physical security controls to prevent unauthorized proximity access to vehicles equipped with these devices, especially in public or high-risk areas. 3. Monitor Bluetooth connection logs for unusual or unauthorized pairing attempts to detect potential exploitation attempts early. 4. Coordinate with Alpine for firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability; prioritize deployment of such updates once available. 5. If firmware updates are unavailable, consider isolating affected devices from critical vehicle control networks to limit potential impact. 6. Educate users and operators about the risks of connecting to unknown Bluetooth devices and enforce policies against pairing with untrusted devices. 7. Employ network segmentation and endpoint detection mechanisms to monitor for anomalous behavior originating from compromised infotainment systems. 8. For fleet operators, implement centralized management and monitoring of vehicle infotainment devices to ensure compliance with security policies and rapid response to incidents.