CVE-2025-8510 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in version 2.10 of Portabilis i-Educar, an educational management system widely used in some educational institutions. The vulnerability exists in the 'Gerar' function within the file ieducar/intranet/educar_matricula_lst.php. Specifically, the issue arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ref_cod_aluno' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious scripts. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring authentication, although user interaction is necessary for the malicious script to execute (e.g., a victim clicking a crafted link). The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.1, indicating a medium severity level. The vector details show that the attack can be launched over the network (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:L) but does require user interaction (UI:P). The impact primarily affects the integrity and confidentiality of user data, as the injected script could steal session cookies, perform actions on behalf of the user, or redirect users to malicious sites. The vendor has released a patch identified by commit 82c288b9a4abb084bdfa1c0c4ef777ed45f98b46 to address this issue. Although the vendor initially closed the advisory without requesting a CVE, the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the public disclosure and ease of exploitation make timely patching critical.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using Portabilis i-Educar 2.10, this vulnerability poses a risk of session hijacking, data theft, and unauthorized actions performed via the victim's browser. The impact on confidentiality and integrity could lead to exposure of sensitive student data, unauthorized grade changes, or manipulation of enrollment information. Such breaches could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR, reputational damage, and potential legal consequences. The requirement for user interaction somewhat limits the attack scope, but phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to trick users into triggering the exploit. Given the educational context, users may be less security-aware, increasing the risk. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged as a foothold for further attacks within the network if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

Organizations should immediately apply the vendor-provided patch identified by commit 82c288b9a4abb084bdfa1c0c4ef777ed45f98b46 to remediate the vulnerability. In parallel, administrators should review and harden input validation and output encoding practices, especially for parameters like 'ref_cod_aluno' that are used in web interfaces. Implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help mitigate the impact of potential XSS attacks by restricting script execution sources. User awareness training focused on recognizing phishing attempts and suspicious links is recommended to reduce the risk of exploitation via social engineering. Monitoring web server logs for unusual parameter values or repeated access attempts to the vulnerable endpoint can help detect exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block XSS payloads targeting this specific parameter. Regular security assessments and code reviews of customizations or integrations with i-Educar should be conducted to identify any residual injection risks.