CVE-2025-8540 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in Portabilis i-Educar version 2.10, specifically within the file /intranet/public_municipio_cad.php. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'nome' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious scripts. This flaw allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the victim's browser when they access a crafted URL or page. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication, although it requires user interaction (the victim must visit the malicious link or page). The CVSS 4.0 base score is 4.8, indicating a medium severity level. The vector details show that the attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:H indicates high privileges but the vector shows no privileges required, so this may be a discrepancy), and user interaction is required (UI:P). The impact on confidentiality is none, integrity is low, and availability is none. The vendor was notified but has not responded or issued a patch, and no known exploits are currently in the wild, though the exploit details have been publicly disclosed. This vulnerability can be leveraged for session hijacking, phishing, or delivering malware payloads by exploiting the trust users place in the affected web application. Given that i-Educar is an educational management system, the vulnerability could affect sensitive educational data and user accounts if exploited.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using Portabilis i-Educar, this vulnerability poses a risk of client-side attacks that could compromise user sessions, steal credentials, or deliver malicious payloads to students, teachers, and administrative staff. Although the direct impact on system confidentiality and availability is limited, the exploitation of XSS can lead to secondary attacks such as credential theft or social engineering campaigns. This could undermine trust in the educational platform, disrupt educational activities, and potentially expose personal data of minors and staff, raising compliance concerns under GDPR. The lack of vendor response and patch availability increases the risk exposure for organizations that have deployed this software. Additionally, attackers could use this vulnerability as a foothold to escalate attacks within the network if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

Organizations should immediately implement input validation and output encoding on the 'nome' parameter to prevent script injection. In the absence of an official patch, web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block typical XSS payloads targeting this parameter. Administrators should review and restrict user permissions to minimize the impact of potential session hijacking. Educating users about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can reduce the effectiveness of XSS attacks. Monitoring web server logs for unusual requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint can help detect exploitation attempts. If possible, organizations should consider isolating or restricting access to the affected module until a vendor patch is released. Regular backups and incident response plans should be updated to address potential exploitation scenarios.