CVE-2025-9133VulnerabilityPublished 21 Oct 2025Updated 26 Feb 2026

CVE-2025-9133: Zyxel ATP series firmware · Missing Authorization

Affects Zyxel ATP series firmwareSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 8.1 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

8.1High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 5.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 92% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 21 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Zyxel ATP series firmware	Affected >=4.32	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-9133, organizations should immediately identify all Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, and USG VPN devices running affected firmware versions (V4.16 through V5.40 depending on the product line). In the interim, restrict network access to device management interfaces to trusted administrative networks only, using network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure. Enforce strict access controls and monitor authentication logs for suspicious partial 2FA attempts. Consider disabling 2FA temporarily if it can be done securely without increasing risk, or enforce full 2FA completion before allowing any configuration access. Employ intrusion detection systems to alert on unusual configuration download attempts. Additionally, review and rotate any credentials or keys stored on affected devices after remediation to prevent misuse of potentially compromised data. Finally, conduct security awareness training for administrators to recognize and report suspicious authentication activities.

Description

A missing authorization vulnerability in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions from V4.32 through V5.40, USG FLEX series firmware versions from V4.50 through V5.40, USG FLEX 50(W) series firmware versions from V4.16 through V5.40, and USG20(W)-VPN series firmware versions from V4.16 through V5.40 could allow a semi-authenticated attacker—who has completed only the first stage of the two-factor authentication (2FA) process—to view and download the system configuration from an affected device.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-9133 is the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive system configuration data from affected Zyxel devices. This exposure can compromise network confidentiality by revealing firewall rules, VPN credentials, user accounts, and other critical security settings. Attackers gaining this information can plan targeted attacks, escalate privileges, or move laterally within the network. The integrity of the device's configuration is also at risk, as attackers might use the information to craft malicious configurations or disrupt network operations indirectly. Although availability is not directly impacted, the breach of confidentiality and integrity can lead to significant operational and reputational damage. Organizations worldwide using Zyxel ATP and USG FLEX series devices in their security infrastructure face increased risk of targeted attacks, especially if attackers exploit this vulnerability before patches are applied. The requirement for partial authentication reduces the attack complexity but still limits exploitation to actors with some level of access, such as insiders or attackers who have compromised initial credentials. However, the lack of need for full 2FA completion significantly lowers the barrier compared to full authentication bypasses.

CWE-862Missing Authorization (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #4OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Architecture and Design
Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
Architecture and Design
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V13.4.2 (opens in a new tab)
V7.2.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-post-authentication-command-injection-and-missing-authorization-vulnerabilities-in-zld-firewalls-10-21-2025 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 27 Feb 2026, 06:23 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-862

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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