CVE-2025-9544VulnerabilityPublished 29 Oct 2025Updated 2 Apr 2026

CVE-2025-9544: Doppler Forms (WordPress plugin) · Missing Authorization

Affects Doppler Forms (WordPress plugin)Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 12% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: High
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Doppler Forms	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

1. Immediately update the Doppler Forms plugin to a version that addresses this vulnerability once available. 2. Until a patch is released, restrict plugin installation and activation capabilities to trusted administrators only by implementing custom capability checks or using security plugins that enforce role-based access controls. 3. Disable or restrict AJAX actions related to install_extension via web application firewalls (WAF) or server-level rules to prevent unauthorized calls. 4. Monitor WordPress user roles and audit logs for suspicious activity, especially actions performed by low-privileged users. 5. Employ security plugins that enforce nonce validation and capability checks on AJAX requests to add an additional layer of protection. 6. Limit the number of users with authenticated access and ensure the principle of least privilege is applied rigorously. 7. Regularly back up WordPress sites and test restoration procedures to recover quickly from potential compromise. 8. Conduct security assessments focusing on plugin vulnerabilities and unauthorized extension installations.

Description

The Doppler Forms WordPress plugin through 2.5.1 registers an AJAX action install_extension without verifying user capabilities or using a nonce. As a result, any authenticated user — including those with the Subscriber role — can install and activate additional Doppler Forms WordPress plugin through 2.5.1 (limited to those whitelisted by the main Doppler Forms WordPress plugin through 2.5.1).

Impact

The vulnerability allows low-privileged authenticated users to install and activate additional plugin extensions without proper authorization, which can compromise the integrity of the WordPress environment. This can lead to unauthorized code execution, privilege escalation, or persistent malicious modifications within the affected site. For organizations, this means that even users with minimal access (e.g., Subscribers) can potentially escalate their privileges or introduce malicious functionality, undermining the security model of the WordPress installation. This can result in data tampering, defacement, or use of the site as a foothold for further attacks within the network. Since Doppler Forms is a plugin used for form management, attackers might also manipulate form data or inject malicious payloads through extensions. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but the vulnerability’s ease of exploitation and medium severity score indicate a significant threat if weaponized.

CWE-862Missing Authorization (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #4OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Architecture and Design
Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
Architecture and Design
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V13.4.2 (opens in a new tab)
V7.2.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

wpscan.com/vulnerability/06312fba-dfc5-47af-afe3-b01d8941acbf/ (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 3 Apr 2026, 03:33 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-862

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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