CVE-2025-9567 is a Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in Sunnet's eHRD CTMS (Clinical Trial Management System). This vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of input during web page generation (CWE-79), allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the browsers of users who visit a crafted URL. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), and no authentication (AT:N), but does require user interaction (UI:A), typically via phishing or social engineering to lure victims into clicking malicious links. The vulnerability does not compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability directly (VC:N, VI:N, VA:N), but it can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions performed in the context of the victim's session. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.1, indicating a medium severity level. The vulnerability affects version 0 of the product, with no patches currently available and no known exploits in the wild. The reflected XSS nature means the malicious script is not stored on the server but reflected off a vulnerable web page, making it transient but still dangerous in targeted attacks. The lack of authentication requirement and low attack complexity increase the risk, especially in environments where users may be targeted via phishing campaigns. The eHRD CTMS is a specialized system used for managing clinical trial data, which may contain sensitive patient and trial information, increasing the stakes of successful exploitation.

For European organizations, particularly those involved in clinical trials, pharmaceutical research, or healthcare data management, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive clinical trial data, manipulation of trial management workflows, or leakage of personally identifiable information (PII) and protected health information (PHI). Although the vulnerability itself does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the ability to execute arbitrary scripts can facilitate further attacks such as session hijacking, phishing, or malware delivery. This could undermine the confidentiality and trustworthiness of clinical trial data, potentially affecting regulatory compliance with GDPR and other healthcare data protection laws. Additionally, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to impersonate legitimate users or administrators, leading to fraudulent data submissions or disruption of clinical trial processes. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is not critical, it should not be ignored given the sensitive nature of the affected systems and the potential cascading effects on data integrity and privacy.

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations using Sunnet eHRD CTMS should implement immediate compensating controls. These include: 1) Deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block typical reflected XSS attack patterns targeting the eHRD CTMS URLs. 2) Conducting user awareness training focused on phishing and social engineering to reduce the likelihood of users clicking malicious links. 3) Implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers on the application to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. 4) Utilizing browser security features such as XSS filters and enabling HTTP-only and Secure flags on session cookies to mitigate session hijacking risks. 5) Monitoring web server logs and network traffic for unusual request patterns indicative of XSS exploitation attempts. 6) Engaging with Sunnet to obtain timelines for official patches and applying them promptly once available. 7) Considering isolation or segmentation of the eHRD CTMS environment to limit exposure and potential lateral movement in case of compromise. These targeted measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific attack vector and operational context of the affected system.