CVE-2025-9657VulnerabilityPublished 29 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-9657: O2OA · Cross Site Scripting

Affects O2OASource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.1 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 08:30 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 19% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
O2OA	Affected =10.0-410	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Organizations should prioritize updating O2OA to the vendor's forthcoming patched version once released. In the interim, implement strict input validation and output encoding on the affected parameters (name, alias, description) to neutralize malicious scripts. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. Conduct user awareness training to recognize and avoid suspicious links or inputs that could trigger XSS attacks. Review and restrict access to the /x_program_center/jaxrs/script endpoint if feasible, possibly through web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block XSS payloads targeting this endpoint. Monitor logs for unusual activity or repeated attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, consider implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the impact of session hijacking resulting from XSS exploitation. Regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on web application vulnerabilities will help identify and remediate similar issues proactively.

Description

A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

Impact

For European organizations using O2OA, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to user sessions, data theft, or manipulation of user interactions within the platform. Given that O2OA is used for office automation, including personal profiles and potentially sensitive organizational data, successful attacks could compromise confidentiality and integrity of user data. The reflected XSS could facilitate targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns within organizations, potentially leading to broader compromise. While the vulnerability does not directly impact availability, the indirect effects of compromised user accounts or data leakage could disrupt business operations. The medium CVSS score reflects that while the attack is feasible remotely and without authentication, it requires user interaction, somewhat limiting the scope. However, the public availability of exploit code increases the urgency for mitigation. European organizations with internal or external-facing O2OA deployments should consider this a relevant threat, especially those with high user interaction with the affected component.

Summary

CVE-2025-9657 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in O2OA, an open-source office automation platform, specifically affecting versions up to 10.0-410. The vulnerability exists in the processing of the /x_program_center/jaxrs/script endpoint within the Personal Profile Page component. Attackers can manipulate input parameters such as name, alias, or description to inject malicious scripts. This flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the victim's browser without requiring authentication, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the payload. The vulnerability is classified as reflected XSS, where the injected script is reflected off the web server in the response. The vendor has acknowledged the issue and indicated that a fix will be included in a forthcoming version. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.1 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, but requiring user interaction. There is no evidence of known exploits in the wild yet, but the exploit code has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. This vulnerability could be leveraged to steal session cookies, perform phishing attacks, or conduct other malicious activities by hijacking user sessions or manipulating web content within the affected application.

References

Community reviews

Loading reviews…

Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 29 Aug 2025, 16:02 UTC

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats