VulnerabilityPublished 29 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-9658: O2OA · Cross-site Scripting

Affects O2OASource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.1 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 09:08 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 19% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
O2OA	Affected =10.0-410	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

European organizations should implement several targeted mitigations to reduce risk until an official patch is released. First, apply strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data within O2OA, especially for parameters like name, alias, and description, to prevent script injection. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. Educate users to recognize and avoid suspicious links or messages that could trigger XSS attacks. Monitor web application logs for unusual requests targeting the vulnerable endpoints. If feasible, restrict access to the affected Personal Profile Page component to trusted internal networks or authenticated users only, reducing exposure. Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block XSS payloads targeting the specific vulnerable parameters. Finally, maintain close communication with the vendor for timely updates and apply the official patch immediately upon release to fully remediate the vulnerability.

Description

A flaw has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/dict/ of the component Personal Profile Page. This manipulation of the argument name/alias/description causes cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

Impact

For European organizations using O2OA, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk primarily to the confidentiality and integrity of user sessions and data. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary scripts in users' browsers, potentially leading to credential theft, unauthorized actions performed on behalf of users, or distribution of malware. Organizations that rely on O2OA for internal collaboration or personal profile management may experience reputational damage, data leakage, or disruption of user trust. Since exploitation requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering campaigns could be leveraged to increase attack success. The impact is particularly relevant for sectors with sensitive personal or corporate information, such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions within Europe. Additionally, the lack of an immediate patch means organizations must rely on interim mitigations, increasing exposure time. However, the medium severity and limited scope of impact suggest that while the threat is significant, it is not critical, but should be addressed promptly to prevent escalation or chaining with other vulnerabilities.

Summary

CVE-2025-9658 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the O2OA platform, specifically affecting versions up to 10.0-410. The vulnerability resides in an unspecified function within the /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/dict/ path of the Personal Profile Page component. The flaw arises from improper sanitization or validation of user-controllable input parameters such as name, alias, or description. An attacker can manipulate these parameters to inject malicious scripts, which are then executed in the context of the victim's browser. This type of vulnerability enables attackers to perform actions such as session hijacking, defacement, or redirecting users to malicious sites. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the malicious payload (e.g., visiting a crafted URL). The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.1, reflecting a medium severity level, with the vector indicating network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, but user interaction needed, and limited impact on confidentiality and integrity. No known exploits are currently observed in the wild, but proof-of-concept code has been published, increasing the risk of exploitation.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 29 Aug 2025, 16:32 UTC

Technical details

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