CVE-2025-9684 is a medium-severity SQL Injection vulnerability affecting Portabilis i-Educar versions up to 2.10. The vulnerability exists in the /module/FormulaMedia/edit component, specifically within the Formula de Cálculo de Média Page. The flaw arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ID' argument, allowing an attacker to manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without requiring user interaction or prior authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a low level, as the CVSS vector indicates low impact on these aspects (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L). The attack complexity is low, and the exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits in the wild have been reported yet. The vulnerability affects multiple versions from 2.0 through 2.10, indicating a long-standing issue in the product. The absence of patches or mitigation links in the provided data suggests that fixes may not yet be publicly available or widely distributed. Given the nature of SQL injection, successful exploitation could allow attackers to access or manipulate backend databases, potentially leading to data leakage, unauthorized data modification, or disruption of service. However, the limited impact ratings suggest that the vulnerability may be constrained by the application's architecture or database permissions. The vulnerability requires low privileges (PR:L), meaning an attacker must have some level of access, but no user interaction is needed. This could imply that the attacker needs to be an authenticated user with limited rights to exploit the flaw remotely.

For European organizations using Portabilis i-Educar, particularly educational institutions, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive educational data, including student records and grading information. Although the CVSS score is medium, the ability to remotely exploit the vulnerability without user interaction increases the threat level. Data integrity could be compromised if attackers manipulate grade calculations or other stored data, potentially undermining trust in educational outcomes. Confidentiality risks include exposure of personal data, which would have GDPR implications, potentially leading to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Availability impact is low but could still disrupt educational services if exploited to cause database errors or downtime. The requirement for low privileges means that insider threats or compromised user accounts could be leveraged to exploit this vulnerability, emphasizing the need for strict access controls. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk, but the public disclosure of the vulnerability means attackers could develop exploits rapidly. European organizations should be vigilant, especially those in countries with significant deployments of i-Educar or similar educational management systems.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the affected module (/module/FormulaMedia/edit) to only trusted and necessary users, minimizing the attack surface. 2. Implement strict input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the affected component to prevent SQL injection. 3. Monitor logs for unusual or suspicious activity related to the 'ID' parameter in the Formula de Cálculo de Média Page. 4. Apply the latest security updates or patches from Portabilis as soon as they become available; if no official patch exists, consider temporary workarounds such as web application firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint. 5. Conduct a thorough audit of user privileges to ensure that users have the minimum necessary permissions, reducing the risk posed by low-privilege exploitation. 6. Educate administrators and users about the risk and signs of exploitation attempts. 7. If feasible, isolate the i-Educar system from public networks or restrict access via VPN or other secure channels to reduce exposure. 8. Regularly back up databases and verify backup integrity to enable recovery in case of data manipulation or loss.