VulnerabilityPublished 31 Aug 2025Updated 2 Sep 2025

CVE-2025-9717: O2OA · Cross-site Scripting

Affects O2OASource CVE Database V5

Public exploit available · CVSS 5.1 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 13:47 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 18% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 31 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
O2OA	Affected =10.0-410	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediate patching: Organizations should monitor O2OA vendor communications for official patches or updates addressing CVE-2025-9717 and apply them promptly.
Input validation and sanitization: Until patches are available, implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting the vulnerable parameters (name, shortName, distinguishedName, pinyin, pinyinInitial, levelName).
Content Security Policy (CSP): Deploy strict CSP headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers, mitigating the impact of XSS attacks.
User awareness: Educate users about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and encourage cautious behavior to reduce the likelihood of successful exploitation.
Logging and monitoring: Enhance logging of web application inputs and monitor for unusual activities or repeated attempts to exploit these parameters.
Review and harden authentication mechanisms: Since the vulnerability requires no authentication but user interaction, strengthening multi-factor authentication and session management can limit attacker leverage post-exploitation.
Conduct security testing: Perform penetration testing and code reviews focusing on input handling in the affected component to identify and remediate similar issues proactively.

Description

A vulnerability was identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /x_organization_assemble_control/jaxrs/unit/ of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation of the argument name/shortName/distinguishedName/pinyin/pinyinInitial/levelName leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

Impact

For European organizations using O2OA version 10.0-410, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to web application users and administrators. Successful exploitation could lead to session hijacking, unauthorized actions performed under the victim’s credentials, and potential exposure of sensitive personal profile information. This can result in reputational damage, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations if personal data is compromised), and potential lateral movement within the affected organization’s network if attackers leverage stolen credentials. The medium severity suggests that while the threat is not critical, it is significant enough to warrant prompt attention, especially in sectors with high data protection requirements such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions. The remote attack vector and public exploit availability increase the urgency for mitigation. Additionally, phishing campaigns leveraging this vulnerability could target European users, amplifying the impact.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 8 Sep 2025, 00:34 UTC

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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