CVE-2025-9736 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the O2OA platform, specifically affecting versions up to 10.0-410. The vulnerability resides in an unspecified function within the file /x_query_assemble_designer/jaxrs/statement, which is part of the Personal Profile Page component. The issue arises from improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input in the 'description' or 'queryName' arguments, allowing an attacker to inject malicious scripts. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring authentication, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the malicious payload, such as by viewing a crafted profile page. The vendor has acknowledged the issue publicly via a GitHub discussion and indicated that a fix will be included in a future release. The CVSS v4.0 base score is 5.1, categorizing it as a medium severity vulnerability. The attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges required, but it requires user interaction. The impact primarily affects confidentiality and integrity at a low level, with no direct impact on availability or system control. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation attempts.

For European organizations using O2OA, this XSS vulnerability could lead to several security concerns. An attacker exploiting this flaw could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the victim's browser, potentially stealing session cookies, performing actions on behalf of the user, or redirecting users to malicious sites. This could result in unauthorized access to sensitive personal or organizational data, especially if the Personal Profile Page contains confidential information or links to internal resources. The impact is heightened in environments where O2OA is integrated with other enterprise systems or used for collaboration, as compromised user sessions can lead to broader lateral movement or data leakage. Additionally, regulatory frameworks such as GDPR impose strict requirements on protecting personal data, and exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to compliance violations and reputational damage. However, since exploitation requires user interaction and the vulnerability does not allow direct system compromise, the overall impact is moderate but still significant for organizations relying on O2OA for internal communications or profile management.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should prioritize upgrading to the patched version of O2OA once it is released by the vendor. Until then, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on the affected parameters ('description' and 'queryName') within their deployment if customization is possible. Employing a web application firewall (WAF) with rules targeting common XSS payloads can provide an additional layer of defense. Organizations should also conduct user awareness training to recognize suspicious links or profile pages that could trigger XSS attacks. Monitoring web server logs and application behavior for unusual activity related to the vulnerable endpoint can help detect exploitation attempts early. Additionally, applying Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can reduce the impact of XSS by restricting the execution of unauthorized scripts. Finally, limiting the exposure of the Personal Profile Page to authenticated and trusted users only, if feasible, can reduce the attack surface.