CVE-2025-9955 is an improper access control vulnerability affecting WSO2 Enterprise Integrator versions 6.0.0 through 6.6.0. The flaw arises from insufficient permission restrictions on internal SOAP-based administrative services that manage system logs and user-store configuration. These services are intended to be accessible only by highly privileged users; however, due to the vulnerability, a low-privileged user can invoke these SOAP endpoints and retrieve sensitive operational data such as system logs and user-store configuration details. While the vulnerability does not expose user credentials or sensitive personal information, the leaked data can provide attackers with valuable insight into the internal workings and configurations of the system. This information can be leveraged for further reconnaissance, enabling attackers to identify additional attack vectors or weaknesses. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have low-level privileges and network access to the affected services but does not require user interaction. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 5.7, reflecting medium severity, with a vector indicating attack via adjacent network (AV:A), low attack complexity (AC:L), privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), high confidentiality impact (C:H), and no integrity or availability impact (I:N, A:N). No public exploits or active exploitation have been reported as of publication. The vulnerability affects multiple recent versions of WSO2 Enterprise Integrator, a middleware platform widely used for enterprise application integration, API management, and service orchestration. Given the role of this product in critical business processes, unauthorized access to internal logs and configurations can facilitate targeted attacks or lateral movement within enterprise environments.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily in terms of confidentiality and operational security. Exposure of system logs and user-store configuration can reveal internal architecture, error messages, user management details, and potentially sensitive operational metadata. Attackers can use this information to map the environment, identify further vulnerabilities, or craft targeted attacks such as privilege escalation or lateral movement. Although no direct compromise of user credentials or data integrity is indicated, the reconnaissance advantage can increase the likelihood and sophistication of subsequent attacks. Organizations in sectors with stringent data protection requirements (e.g., finance, healthcare, government) may face compliance risks if such internal information exposure leads to broader breaches. The vulnerability's medium severity and requirement for low privileges mean that insider threats or attackers who have gained limited access could exploit it to deepen their foothold. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the need for proactive mitigation, especially given the critical integration role of WSO2 Enterprise Integrator in many European enterprises.

1. Apply the latest security patches or updates from WSO2 as soon as they become available to address this vulnerability. 2. Restrict network access to the internal SOAP admin services by implementing strict firewall rules, network segmentation, and access control lists to limit exposure only to trusted administrators. 3. Enforce strong authentication and authorization policies for accessing administrative interfaces, ensuring that only authorized personnel with appropriate privileges can reach these services. 4. Monitor and audit access logs for unusual or unauthorized attempts to access SOAP admin endpoints, enabling early detection of potential exploitation attempts. 5. Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or API gateways with rules to detect and block suspicious SOAP requests targeting admin services. 6. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on internal service access controls to identify and remediate similar issues proactively. 7. Educate internal users and administrators about the risks of privilege misuse and the importance of safeguarding administrative credentials and access paths. 8. If patching is delayed, implement compensating controls such as disabling or restricting the vulnerable SOAP admin services where feasible without impacting business operations.