CVE-2026-1475 identifies a critical SQL injection vulnerability classified under CWE-89 in the Quatuor Evaluación de Desempeño (EDD) application, a performance evaluation software developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. The vulnerability specifically targets the 'Id_usuario' parameter in the '/evaluacion_acciones_evalua.aspx' page. It is an out-of-band (OOB) SQL injection, meaning the attacker can exfiltrate data through external channels rather than relying on direct application responses, complicating detection. The flaw arises from improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands, allowing malicious input to alter the intended SQL query logic. The vulnerability affects all versions of the product and requires no authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to remote attackers. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) reflects network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality and integrity. Although no public exploits are known yet, the critical severity score of 9.3 underscores the urgent need for remediation. The vulnerability could enable attackers to extract sensitive information such as user credentials, personal data, or internal business logic, potentially leading to data breaches, compliance violations, and reputational damage. The lack of patches at the time of publication increases the risk window. Detection is challenging due to the OOB nature, requiring monitoring of unusual outbound DNS or HTTP requests that may be used as exfiltration channels.

For European organizations, especially those in sectors relying on Quatuor Evaluación de Desempeño (EDD) for employee performance management, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive personnel data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal identifiable information (PII), internal evaluation metrics, and potentially credentials stored in the database. This can result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR, financial penalties, and loss of trust. The out-of-band nature of the SQL injection complicates detection and response, increasing the likelihood of prolonged undetected data exfiltration. Public sector institutions, HR departments, and organizations with large employee bases are particularly at risk. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged as a foothold for further network intrusion or lateral movement if combined with other attack vectors. The critical CVSS score indicates that the impact on confidentiality and integrity is severe, while availability impact is low but not negligible if attackers manipulate database operations.

Immediate mitigation should focus on applying input validation and sanitization to the 'Id_usuario' parameter, ensuring that all user inputs are properly escaped or, preferably, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Organizations should conduct a thorough code audit of the affected endpoint and related database interaction layers. Network monitoring should be enhanced to detect anomalous outbound traffic patterns indicative of OOB SQLi exfiltration, such as unusual DNS queries or HTTP requests to external domains. If patches become available from the vendor, they must be applied promptly. In the interim, consider implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to block suspicious payloads targeting the vulnerable parameter. Restrict database permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. Regularly review logs for signs of exploitation attempts and conduct penetration testing focused on SQL injection vectors. Employee training on secure coding practices and incident response readiness will further strengthen defenses.