CVE-2026-19029: CWE-125 Out-of-bounds read in The HDF Group HDF5
Description
A heap-based buffer over-read in H5Z__filter_scaleoffset() in src/H5Zscaleoffset.c in HDF5 through 2.2.0 lets an attacker cause a denial of service (application crash) with a crafted HDF5 file. When the stored minimum bits equal the full precision of the datatype, the decoder copies d_nelmts * size bytes from the compressed chunk without checking that the chunk holds that many bytes. Both values come from attacker-controlled scale-offset filter parameters in the dataset's filter pipeline message.
CVSS v4.0
Score 6.8medium
Affected software
The HDF Group
HDF5
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Weaknesses
AI-Powered Analysis
Machine-generated threat intelligence
Technical Analysis
This vulnerability is a heap-based buffer over-read in the H5Z__filter_scaleoffset() function within the HDF5 library up to version 2.2.0. The flaw occurs because the decoder copies d_nelmts * size bytes from the compressed chunk without verifying that the chunk is sufficiently large. Both d_nelmts and size are derived from attacker-controlled scale-offset filter parameters in the dataset's filter pipeline message. Exploiting this can cause an application crash (denial of service) when processing a specially crafted HDF5 file.
Potential Impact
An attacker who can supply a crafted HDF5 file can cause the application using the vulnerable HDF5 library to crash, resulting in a denial of service. There is no indication of code execution or data corruption beyond the crash. The attack requires local access or the ability to provide files to the target application.
Mitigation Recommendations
Patch status is not yet confirmed — check the vendor advisory for current remediation guidance. Until an official fix is available, avoid processing untrusted HDF5 files or implement application-level protections to validate input files before processing.
Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.2
- Assigner Short Name
- HDFG
- Date Reserved
- 2026-08-05T22:14:42.476Z
- Cvss Version
- 4.0
- State
- PUBLISHED
Threat ID: 6ac55b392cdf04f656dc2ad8
Added to database: 10/06/2026, 20:34:01 UTC
Last enriched: 10/06/2026, 20:48:40 UTC
Last updated: 10/06/2026, 21:18:55 UTC
Views: 4
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