CVE-2026-2184VulnerabilityPublished 8 Feb 2026Updated 23 Feb 2026

CVE-2026-2184: Great Developers Certificate Generation System · OS Command Injection

Affects Great Developers Certificate Generation SystemSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · 10% EPSS · CVSS 6.9 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 07:57 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 10.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 95% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 8 Feb 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Great DevelopersCertificate Generation System	Affected =97171bb0e5e22e52eacf4e4fa81773e5f3cffb73	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Given the absence of official patches or updates due to the product's inactive maintenance, organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation steps. First, isolate the affected system from the internet and internal networks to limit exposure. Replace the Great Developers Certificate Generation System with a supported, actively maintained alternative that follows secure coding practices. If replacement is not immediately feasible, implement strict input validation and sanitization on the 'photo' parameter to prevent command injection, possibly through web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules blocking suspicious payloads. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing to identify and remediate similar injection points. Monitor logs for unusual command execution patterns and unauthorized access attempts. Employ network segmentation and least privilege principles to minimize the impact of a potential compromise. Finally, educate staff about the risks of using unsupported legacy software and establish a process for timely software updates and vulnerability management.

Description

A vulnerability was detected in Great Developers Certificate Generation System up to 97171bb0e5e22e52eacf4e4fa81773e5f3cffb73. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /restructured/csv.php. The manipulation of the argument photo results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The code repository of the project has not been active for many years.

Impact

The impact of CVE-2026-2184 is significant for organizations using the Great Developers Certificate Generation System. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution on the affected server, allowing attackers to compromise system confidentiality by accessing sensitive data, integrity by modifying or deleting files, and availability by disrupting services or causing system crashes. Since the vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, it can be exploited at scale by automated attacks. Organizations relying on this system for certificate generation may face operational disruptions, data breaches, and potential lateral movement within their networks. The inactive maintenance status of the product means no official fixes are forthcoming, increasing the risk of prolonged exposure. This could also affect trust in certificate issuance processes and impact compliance with security standards. The medium CVSS score reflects a moderate but tangible risk that should not be ignored, especially in environments where this system is internet-facing or integrated with critical infrastructure.

Summary

The vulnerability CVE-2026-2184 affects the Great Developers Certificate Generation System, a software product designed to generate certificates, which includes a PHP script located at /restructured/csv.php. The flaw is an OS command injection triggered by manipulation of the 'photo' parameter. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server hosting the application. The product employs a rolling release model, complicating version tracking, and the code repository has been inactive for years, indicating no ongoing maintenance or patching. The vulnerability does not require any privileges or user interaction, making it easier to exploit remotely. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and partial impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). No known exploits have been reported in the wild yet, but the potential for exploitation exists given the nature of the vulnerability. The lack of patches and active maintenance increases the risk for organizations still using this system, as attackers could leverage this flaw to gain unauthorized access, execute malicious commands, and potentially compromise the underlying system and data.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 23 Feb 2026, 21:44 UTC

Technical details

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