VulnerabilityPublished 24 Mar 2026

CVE-2026-4778: SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System · SQL Injection

Affects SourceCodester Sales and Inventory SystemSource CVE Database V5

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Public exploit available · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 30 Oct 2026, 11:52 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 24% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 24 Mar 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 30 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
SourceCodesterSales and Inventory System	Affected =1.0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2026-4778, organizations should immediately review and sanitize all user inputs, especially the 'sid' parameter in update_category.php, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. If source code modification is possible, refactor the vulnerable code to use secure database access methods. In the absence of an official patch, implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'sid' parameter. Restrict access to the affected web application to trusted networks or VPNs to reduce exposure. Conduct thorough security testing, including automated vulnerability scanning and manual code reviews, to identify and remediate similar injection flaws. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious query patterns or repeated access attempts to the vulnerable endpoint. Finally, maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any exploitation attempts and consider isolating or decommissioning vulnerable systems until secure versions are available.

Description

A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file update_category.php of the component HTTP GET Parameter Handler. This manipulation of the argument sid causes sql injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.

Impact

The impact of CVE-2026-4778 is significant for organizations using SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive inventory and sales data, potentially exposing business-critical information such as product details, pricing, and customer data. Attackers could manipulate or delete database records, disrupting business operations and causing data integrity issues. This could result in financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory compliance violations, especially for organizations handling personal or payment data. The remote exploitability without user interaction or high privileges increases the risk of automated attacks and mass exploitation attempts. Additionally, the availability of a public exploit code lowers the barrier for attackers, potentially leading to widespread attacks if unmitigated. Organizations with internet-facing deployments of this system are particularly vulnerable, and the impact could extend to supply chain disruptions if inventory data is corrupted or lost.

Summary

CVE-2026-4778 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System version 1.0, specifically in the update_category.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of the 'sid' parameter passed via HTTP GET requests, which allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL queries into the backend database. This injection flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication or user interaction, making it accessible to a wide range of attackers. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the database by potentially allowing unauthorized data retrieval, modification, or deletion. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L, low-level privileges), no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no active exploitation in the wild has been reported, a public exploit exists, increasing the likelihood of future attacks. The lack of official patches or updates at the time of publication necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by affected organizations. The vulnerability is typical of web applications that fail to properly sanitize user input before incorporating it into SQL queries, a common and critical security issue in web development.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 24 Mar 2026, 23:01 UTC

Technical details

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