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CVE-2026-59178: CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function in esphome device-builder

0
Critical
VulnerabilityCVE-2026-59178cvecve-2026-59178cwe-306
Published: 09/14/2026 (09/14/2026, 18:11:02 UTC)
Source: CVE Database V5
Vendor/Project: esphome
Product: device-builder

Description

ESPHome Device Builder Dashboard is a dashboard for the ESPHome home management software. Prior to version 1.0.12, the dashboard reads its authentication credentials from `$ESPHOME_USERNAME` and `$ESPHOME_PASSWORD`. Earlier versions, and the legacy `esphome` dashboard, read the bare `$USERNAME` and `$PASSWORD` instead. When the env vars were renamed the bare names were dropped with no fallback, so an operator who had protected their dashboard with `USERNAME` / `PASSWORD` (as the older getting started guide documented) loses authentication on upgrade and the dashboard starts open to anyone who can reach its port. The issue is fixed in 1.0.12. The bare `$USERNAME` / `$PASSWORD` are accepted again as a deprecated fallback so previously protected instances stay protected across the upgrade without operator intervention, with a loud deprecation warning at startup directing operators to rename them to `$ESPHOME_USERNAME` / `$ESPHOME_PASSWORD`. The fallback is gated on `$PASSWORD` being set and is only adopted as a pair, so the OS provided `$USERNAME` is never read on its own and the original collision footgun stays closed. A lone bare `$PASSWORD` with no username still fails loud as a credential mismatch rather than starting unauthenticated. This restores compatibility rather than failing closed on the legacy names, because the priority is that an instance which was protected before the upgrade stays protected without the operator having to act; the deprecation warning plus a future removal handles the migration. Operators should migrate to the `$ESPHOME_*` names. The esphome container delivers the fix in the 2026.6.2 release, which bumps its pinned `esphome-device-builder` version to 1.0.12. Without upgrading, restore authentication immediately by setting the new env vars to the same values, on any affected version. Alternatively, do not expose the dashboard port to untrusted networks, and check the startup logs for the `WITHOUT AUTHENTICATION` banner to confirm whether a given instance is currently open.

CVSS v3.1

Score 9.8critical

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected software

esphome

device-builder

Affected versions
<1.0.12
GitHub Actionsmore threats →ai
esphome/device-builder
pkg:github/esphome/device-builder
Affected versions
<1.0.12

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AI-Powered Analysis

Machine-generated threat intelligence

AILast updated: 09/14/2026, 18:46:51 UTC

Technical Analysis

ESPHome Device Builder Dashboard versions before 1.0.12 read authentication credentials from environment variables named $USERNAME and $PASSWORD. In version 1.0.12, these were renamed to $ESPHOME_USERNAME and $ESPHOME_PASSWORD, but initially the legacy variables were dropped without fallback. This caused instances that relied on the legacy variables for authentication to become unauthenticated after upgrade, exposing the dashboard to anyone who can reach its port. The fix in 1.0.12 restores the legacy variables as a deprecated fallback, requiring both username and password to be set, and issues a deprecation warning to operators to migrate to the new variable names. The esphome container version 2026.6.2 includes this fix by updating the pinned device-builder version to 1.0.12.

Potential Impact

Without upgrading, affected instances lose authentication protection, allowing unauthenticated access to the dashboard. This can lead to full compromise of the device management interface, potentially enabling attackers to control or manipulate ESPHome devices. The CVSS score of 9.8 reflects the critical impact with network attack vector, no privileges required, no user interaction, and high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

Mitigation Recommendations

Upgrade to ESPHome Device Builder Dashboard version 1.0.12 or later, or use the esphome container version 2026.6.2 or later which includes the fix. Alternatively, immediately restore authentication by setting the new environment variables $ESPHOME_USERNAME and $ESPHOME_PASSWORD to the same values as the legacy variables. Operators should also avoid exposing the dashboard port to untrusted networks. Check startup logs for the 'WITHOUT AUTHENTICATION' banner to verify if an instance is currently unauthenticated. Operators are advised to migrate to the new environment variable names as the legacy fallback will be removed in the future.

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Technical Details

Data Version
5.2
Assigner Short Name
GitHub_M
Date Reserved
2026-07-02T19:53:48.829Z
Cvss Version
3.1
State
PUBLISHED

Threat ID: 6aa83dab55bf5e2cf57193db

Added to database: 09/14/2026, 18:32:11 UTC

Last enriched: 09/14/2026, 18:46:51 UTC

Last updated: 09/15/2026, 04:22:07 UTC

Views: 12

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