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An incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Cortex® XDR Broker VM allows an authenticated administrative user to execute certain files available within the Broker VM and escalate their privileges to root.

CVE-2025-4228 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-266 (Incorrect Privilege Assignment) affecting Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR Broker VM, specifically version 27.0.0. The flaw arises from improper assignment of privileges within the Broker VM, allowing an authenticated administrative user to execute certain files that should not be accessible at their privilege level. This improper privilege assignment enables the user to escalate their privileges to root, effectively gaining full control over the Broker VM environment. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and does not allow unauthenticated access, limiting the attack vector to users who already have administrative credentials. The CVSS 4.6 score reflects a medium severity, considering the attack vector is local (AV:L), with low complexity (AC:L), no need for authentication tokens (AT:N), but requiring high privileges (PR:H). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but significant within the scope of the Broker VM. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been publicly linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved on May 2, 2025, and published on June 12, 2025. This vulnerability could be leveraged by malicious insiders or attackers who have gained administrative access to the Broker VM to gain root-level control, potentially compromising the entire Cortex XDR deployment and related security monitoring capabilities.

Detailed information about CVE-2025-4228: CWE-266 Incorrect Privilege Assignment in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR Broker VM affecting Palo Alto Networks Cortex 

CVE-2025-4228: CWE-266 Incorrect Privilege Assignment in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR Broker VM - Live Threat Intelligence - Threat Radar | OffSeq.com

CVE-2025-4228: CWE-266 Incorrect Privilege Assignment in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR Broker VM

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