CVE-2022-48948 is a vulnerability identified in the Linux kernel's USB gadget subsystem, specifically within the USB Video Class (UVC) function implementation. The flaw arises in the uvc_function_setup handler, which processes control transfer requests with payloads up to 64 bytes (defined by UVC_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE). However, the data stage handler for OUT transfers uses memcpy to copy the actual number of bytes received (req->actual) into a fixed-size buffer uvc_event->data.data, which is only 60 bytes in size. This mismatch can lead to a buffer overflow of up to 4 bytes when the payload size exceeds the buffer capacity. Buffer overflows in kernel space are critical because they can corrupt kernel memory, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges, cause system crashes, or escalate privileges. The vulnerability affects the Linux kernel versions identified by the commit hash cdda479f15cd13fa50a913ca85129c0437cc7b91 and possibly other versions derived from this code base. The issue was resolved by correcting the buffer handling to prevent overflow. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no CVSS score has been assigned yet. The vulnerability was published on October 21, 2024, and has been acknowledged by the Linux project and CISA enrichment, indicating its recognized security impact.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2022-48948 can be significant, especially for those relying on Linux-based systems in critical infrastructure, enterprise servers, embedded devices, or IoT environments that utilize USB gadget functionality. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code at the kernel level, leading to full system compromise, data breaches, or disruption of services. This is particularly concerning for sectors such as finance, healthcare, telecommunications, and government agencies where Linux servers and devices are prevalent. The vulnerability could also be leveraged in targeted attacks or lateral movement within networks. Although no exploits are currently known, the ease of triggering a buffer overflow via USB control transfers suggests a moderate to high risk if attackers develop exploit code. The potential for privilege escalation and kernel memory corruption elevates the threat to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems.

European organizations should prioritize patching Linux kernel versions affected by this vulnerability as soon as updates become available from their Linux distribution vendors. Since the vulnerability involves USB gadget functionality, organizations should audit and restrict USB device usage on critical systems, especially disabling USB gadget drivers if not required. Implementing strict device control policies and USB port management can reduce attack surface. Additionally, monitoring kernel logs and unusual USB activity can help detect exploitation attempts. For embedded or IoT devices running custom Linux kernels, vendors should backport the fix promptly. Employing kernel hardening techniques such as Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (KASLR), and enabling security modules like SELinux or AppArmor can provide additional layers of defense. Finally, organizations should conduct vulnerability scanning and penetration testing focused on USB interfaces to identify and remediate potential exposures.