CVE-2023-40194 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-73 (External Control of File Name or Path) affecting Foxit Reader version 12.1.3.15356. The flaw arises from improper handling of whitespace characters in the Javascript exportDataObject API, which allows an attacker to craft malicious PDF files that can create arbitrary files at attacker-specified locations on the victim’s system. This arbitrary file creation can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise. The attack vector requires user interaction: either opening a malicious PDF file or visiting a malicious website if the Foxit Reader browser plugin is enabled, which can trigger the vulnerability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.8, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, but user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patches or exploit code are currently publicly available, and no known exploits in the wild have been reported. The vulnerability’s exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security controls by placing malicious executables or scripts in sensitive locations, facilitating persistence or lateral movement within networks. The presence of the browser plugin increases the attack surface, enabling drive-by attacks through web browsing. This vulnerability is critical for environments where Foxit Reader is widely used, especially in enterprise and government sectors that handle sensitive documents.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of Foxit Reader in corporate, governmental, and educational institutions. Successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution, resulting in data breaches, system compromise, ransomware deployment, or espionage. The ability to create files arbitrarily can allow attackers to implant persistent malware or manipulate critical system files, undermining system integrity and availability. Organizations relying on PDF workflows or using the Foxit Reader browser plugin are particularly vulnerable to drive-by attacks. The impact extends to confidentiality, as sensitive documents or credentials could be exposed or altered. Given the high CVSS score and the potential for remote exploitation with minimal prerequisites, this vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks against critical infrastructure, financial institutions, and public sector entities in Europe. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the risk remains high due to the ease of exploitation and potential damage.

1. Immediately disable the Foxit Reader browser plugin to reduce the attack surface and prevent drive-by exploitation via malicious websites. 2. Monitor Foxit’s official channels for patches addressing CVE-2023-40194 and apply updates promptly once available. 3. Implement strict file system permissions to restrict the locations where Foxit Reader can create or modify files, limiting the impact of arbitrary file creation. 4. Educate users to avoid opening PDF files from untrusted sources and to be cautious when browsing websites that may host malicious content. 5. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for unusual file creation activities or execution of unexpected binaries originating from Foxit Reader processes. 6. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability scans focusing on PDF reader applications and browser plugins. 7. Consider alternative PDF readers with a stronger security track record until the vulnerability is patched. 8. Use application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized executables from running, mitigating the risk of arbitrary code execution post-exploitation.