CVE-2023-40402 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS, where a permissions issue allows an application to access sensitive user data improperly. The root cause is insufficient enforcement of permission restrictions, which could enable malicious or compromised apps to bypass intended security controls and read data that should be protected. Apple has addressed this vulnerability by introducing additional restrictions in macOS Sonoma 14, effectively closing the loophole. The affected versions are unspecified but presumably include macOS releases prior to Sonoma 14. No public exploits or active attacks have been reported, indicating the vulnerability is currently theoretical but with potential for abuse. The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality of user data, as unauthorized access could lead to exposure of personal or corporate information. Since the vulnerability involves permissions, exploitation likely requires the app to be installed on the target system but does not necessarily require user interaction beyond installation. This vulnerability underscores the importance of strict permission models and timely patching in operating systems. Organizations relying on macOS devices should ensure they upgrade to Sonoma 14 or later and audit installed applications for unnecessary permissions to mitigate risk.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive user or corporate data stored or processed on macOS devices. This is particularly concerning for sectors handling personal data under GDPR, such as finance, healthcare, and government, where data breaches can result in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The ability of an app to bypass permission restrictions threatens confidentiality and could facilitate further attacks, including espionage or data theft. Although no active exploits are known, the widespread use of macOS in certain European countries and industries means the potential impact is significant. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices are especially vulnerable if devices are not promptly updated. The vulnerability does not appear to affect system integrity or availability directly but could be a vector for privilege escalation or lateral movement if combined with other exploits. Overall, the risk to European entities is moderate to high depending on their macOS usage and data sensitivity.

European organizations should immediately plan to upgrade all macOS devices to Sonoma 14 or later, where the vulnerability is fixed. Until upgrades are complete, restrict installation of untrusted or unnecessary applications, especially those requesting broad permissions. Implement strict application whitelisting and use Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions to enforce permission policies and monitor app behavior. Conduct audits of installed applications to identify and remove apps with excessive or suspicious permissions. Educate users about the risks of installing unverified software and encourage reporting of unusual app behavior. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect anomalous access to sensitive data. Regularly review and update security policies related to macOS device usage. Coordinate with Apple support for any additional guidance or patches. Finally, maintain robust data encryption and backup strategies to mitigate potential data exposure consequences.