CVE-2023-42902 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS, stemming from multiple memory corruption issues caused by inadequate input validation when processing certain file types. Memory corruption vulnerabilities often allow attackers to manipulate program execution flow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or denial of service through application crashes. In this case, processing a maliciously crafted file can trigger unexpected termination of applications or enable attackers to execute arbitrary code within the context of the affected application. The specific affected macOS versions are not detailed, but the issue has been addressed in macOS Sonoma 14.2, indicating that earlier versions remain vulnerable until patched. The vulnerability was reserved in September 2023 and published in December 2023, with no current evidence of exploitation in the wild. The lack of a CVSS score suggests that the vulnerability is newly disclosed and requires assessment based on its characteristics. Since the flaw involves memory corruption and arbitrary code execution, it poses a critical risk, especially if exploited remotely or through user interaction with untrusted files. The vulnerability does not specify the need for authentication or user interaction explicitly, but typically, processing a malicious file implies some level of user action or automated file handling by applications. This vulnerability affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems running vulnerable macOS versions, potentially allowing attackers to gain control or disrupt services.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant threat, particularly those with a substantial macOS user base, including enterprises, creative industries, and governmental agencies relying on Apple hardware and software. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, enabling attackers to deploy malware, steal sensitive information, or disrupt critical applications. Unexpected application termination could also impact business continuity and productivity. The risk is heightened in environments where macOS systems handle untrusted files frequently, such as email attachments, downloads, or shared network resources. Given the absence of known exploits in the wild, the immediate risk may be moderate, but the potential for future exploitation remains high. Organizations involved in sectors like finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure in Europe must consider this vulnerability seriously due to the potential for targeted attacks. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged in supply chain attacks or as a foothold for lateral movement within networks.

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigation measures: 1) Prioritize updating all macOS devices to version Sonoma 14.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2) Employ strict file handling policies, including restricting or sandboxing the processing of files from untrusted sources to limit exposure. 3) Utilize endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of monitoring abnormal application crashes or suspicious code execution patterns on macOS systems. 4) Educate users about the risks of opening files from unknown or untrusted origins, emphasizing cautious behavior with email attachments and downloads. 5) Implement network segmentation to isolate macOS systems handling sensitive data, reducing the impact of potential compromise. 6) Regularly audit and monitor macOS systems for signs of exploitation attempts or anomalous behavior. 7) Collaborate with Apple support and security advisories to stay informed about further updates or exploit disclosures related to this vulnerability.