CVE-2024-0986VulnerabilityPublished 28 Jan 2024Updated 29 May 2025

CVE-2024-0986: Issabel PBX · OS Command Injection

Affects Issabel PBXSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · public detection template (Nuclei) · 58% EPSS · CVSS 4.7 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 07:57 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.7Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 58.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 99% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: Low

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: High: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide significant (e.g., administrative) control over the vulnerable component that could affect component-wide settings and files.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 28 Jan 2024
Detectable: evidence found.
nuclei template: Issabel Authenticated - Remote Code Execution
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Issabel PBX	Affected =4.0.0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Given the lack of an official patch, European organizations should implement several targeted mitigations: 1) Restrict access to the /index.php?menu=asterisk_cli endpoint by enforcing strict network segmentation and firewall rules, allowing only trusted administrative IP addresses to connect. 2) Employ strong authentication and credential management to prevent unauthorized access with high privileges required for exploitation. 3) Monitor PBX logs and network traffic for unusual command execution patterns or access attempts to the vulnerable endpoint. 4) Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block command injection payloads targeting the 'Command' parameter. 5) If feasible, isolate the PBX system from other critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement. 6) Evaluate alternative PBX solutions or earlier versions without this vulnerability until a vendor patch is released. 7) Maintain up-to-date backups of PBX configurations and data to enable rapid recovery in case of compromise. 8) Engage in threat intelligence sharing within industry groups to stay informed about emerging exploits related to this vulnerability.

Description

A vulnerability was found in Issabel PBX 4.0.0. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /index.php?menu=asterisk_cli of the component Asterisk-Cli. The manipulation of the argument Command leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-252251. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Impact

For European organizations, the exploitation of this vulnerability could have significant operational and security consequences. PBX systems like Issabel are often integral to enterprise telephony infrastructure, handling internal and external voice communications. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the PBX server, potentially leading to interception or manipulation of calls, disruption of communication services, or use of the compromised system as a foothold for lateral movement within the corporate network. This could impact sectors relying heavily on telephony, such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. Additionally, compromised PBX systems might be leveraged for toll fraud or launching further attacks. The absence of a vendor patch and public exploit code increases the urgency for European organizations to assess their exposure and implement mitigations promptly. The medium CVSS score reflects the requirement for high privileges, which somewhat limits exploitation scope, but insider threats or compromised credentials could facilitate attack execution.

Summary

CVE-2024-0986 is a security vulnerability identified in Issabel PBX version 4.0.0, specifically within the Asterisk-Cli component accessed via the /index.php?menu=asterisk_cli endpoint. The vulnerability is classified as an OS command injection (CWE-78), where improper sanitization or validation of the 'Command' argument allows an attacker to inject arbitrary operating system commands. This flaw can be exploited remotely without user interaction, but requires high privileges (PR:H) on the system to initiate the attack. Although the CVSS 3.1 base score is rated at 4.7 (medium severity), the potential impact includes unauthorized command execution that could compromise system confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The lack of vendor engagement increases the risk for organizations relying on this PBX solution, as attackers could develop exploits to leverage this weakness. The vulnerability affects only version 4.0.0 of Issabel PBX, a popular open-source unified communications platform integrating Asterisk for telephony services. Given the critical nature of PBX systems in managing voice communications, exploitation could lead to disruption of telephony services, data leakage, or pivoting into internal networks.

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #9OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Architecture and Design · Operation · Sandbox or Jail
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
Architecture and Design · Attack Surface Reduction
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention in Java (opens in a new tab)
OS Command Injection Defense (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.3.5 (opens in a new tab)
V5.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Command Line Execution through SQL Injection (opens in a new tab)
Command Delimiters (opens in a new tab)
Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers (opens in a new tab)
Argument Injection (opens in a new tab)
OS Command Injection (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 7 Jul 2025, 23:42 UTC

Public exploits and detectiona Nuclei detection template

WeaknessesCWE-78

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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