CVE-2024-12014 is a path traversal vulnerability identified in the eSignaViewer component of the Lleidanet PKI eSigna product, affecting versions 1.0 through 1.5 across all platforms. This vulnerability stems from improper input validation (CWE-20), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to manipulate file paths and object identifiers to access arbitrary files within the document system. Path traversal vulnerabilities enable attackers to escape the intended directory structure and access files outside the permitted scope, potentially exposing sensitive information stored on the system. In this case, the vulnerability does not require authentication, increasing the risk of exploitation. However, the CVSS 4.0 base score is low (2.0), reflecting factors such as high attack complexity, the need for user interaction, limited confidentiality impact, and low scope. The vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, and there are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication. The lack of available patches suggests that mitigation may currently rely on configuration changes or vendor updates pending release. Given the nature of the eSigna product as a PKI-based electronic signature solution, the exposure of arbitrary files could lead to leakage of sensitive signed documents or cryptographic material, undermining trust in digital signature workflows.

For European organizations, especially those relying on Lleidanet PKI eSigna for electronic signature and document management, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized disclosure of sensitive documents and cryptographic assets. Such exposure could lead to privacy violations, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR breaches), and potential legal liabilities. The impact is particularly relevant for sectors with stringent data protection requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government agencies. Although the vulnerability’s low severity and high attack complexity reduce the likelihood of widespread exploitation, the unauthenticated access vector means attackers could target exposed systems remotely without credentials. This could facilitate reconnaissance or data leakage campaigns. The absence of known exploits suggests limited current threat activity, but organizations should remain vigilant given the sensitive nature of the data handled by eSigna. Additionally, any compromise of signature-related files could undermine the integrity of digital transactions and erode trust in electronic signature processes.

Organizations should immediately inventory their use of Lleidanet PKI eSigna versions 1.0 to 1.5 and isolate affected systems from untrusted networks where possible. Until a vendor patch is available, implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of the eSignaViewer component. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) or intrusion prevention systems (IPS) with custom rules to detect and block path traversal attempts targeting file path parameters. Conduct thorough logging and monitoring of file access patterns to identify suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Review and harden file system permissions to minimize the impact of unauthorized file access. Engage with Lleidanet PKI support to obtain timelines for patches or updates and apply them promptly once released. Additionally, educate users and administrators on the risks of this vulnerability and ensure that backups of critical documents and cryptographic keys are maintained securely to enable recovery if compromise occurs.