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CVE-2024-28739VulnerabilityPublished

CVE-2024-28739: n/a

Source CVE Database V5

0

Not known to be exploited · 18% EPSS · CVSS 9.6 Critical · fixed in 23.06 : patch affected systems as a priority.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score
9.6Critical
How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.
EPSS
18.9% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 97% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch
Available – fixed in 23.06
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploitation evidence

  1. Disclosed: evidence found.

    CVE published 6 Aug 2024

  2. Detectable: no evidence on record.

    No public nuclei template indexed

  3. Weaponised: no evidence on record.

    No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB

  4. Exploited in the wild: no evidence on record.

    Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation

  5. Observed by OffSeq Mirage: no evidence on record.

    No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

What to do

AI-suggested

If you cannot patch yet, organizations should implement the following mitigations: 1) Restrict external access to the Koha ILS web interface, especially the endpoints handling the 'format' parameter, using network segmentation, firewalls, or VPNs. 2) Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters, particularly the 'format' parameter, to block malicious scripts or code injections. 3) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. 4) Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual requests or patterns targeting the 'format' parameter or exhibiting signs of code injection attempts. 5) Educate users about the risks of clicking untrusted links or opening suspicious content that could trigger the vulnerability. 6) Prepare for rapid patch deployment once Koha releases an official fix by maintaining an up-to-date inventory of affected systems. 7) Consider temporary disabling or limiting features that utilize the vulnerable parameter if feasible. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on parameter-specific controls and proactive monitoring tailored to this vulnerability.

Description

An issue in Koha ILS 23.05 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the format parameter.

References

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