CVE-2024-37641 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the TRENDnet TEW-814DAP router, specifically in firmware version FW1.01B01. The vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking on the submit-url parameter within the /formNewSchedule web interface endpoint. An attacker with low privileges can send a specially crafted request to this endpoint, triggering a stack overflow that allows arbitrary code execution on the device. This flaw does not require user interaction and can be exploited remotely over the network, making it highly dangerous. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-121 (Stack-based Buffer Overflow), indicating that the overflow occurs due to unsafe memory operations on the stack. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no user interaction required. Although no public exploits or patches are currently available, the vulnerability's characteristics suggest it could be weaponized for persistent device compromise, network pivoting, or denial of service. The affected device is a consumer and small business router, commonly deployed in various regions, which increases the potential attack surface. The lack of a patch necessitates immediate mitigation through network controls and monitoring.

The exploitation of CVE-2024-37641 can lead to complete compromise of affected TRENDnet TEW-814DAP routers. Attackers could execute arbitrary code with system-level privileges, potentially allowing them to intercept, modify, or disrupt network traffic passing through the device. This could result in data breaches, unauthorized network access, lateral movement within corporate or home networks, and denial of service conditions. Given the router's role as a network gateway, successful exploitation could undermine the security of all connected devices. The vulnerability's remote exploitability without user interaction increases the risk of widespread automated attacks once exploit code becomes available. Organizations relying on these routers for critical connectivity or security functions face significant operational and reputational risks. Additionally, compromised routers could be leveraged as part of botnets or for launching further attacks against other targets.

Until an official firmware patch is released by TRENDnet, organizations should implement the following mitigations: 1) Restrict access to the router’s management interface by limiting it to trusted internal networks and disabling remote management over the internet. 2) Employ network-level protections such as firewalls or intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to detect and block malicious requests targeting the /formNewSchedule endpoint or suspicious submit-url parameter payloads. 3) Monitor network traffic and router logs for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts, including unexpected POST requests to the vulnerable endpoint. 4) Consider segmenting the network to isolate the affected router from sensitive systems. 5) If possible, replace vulnerable devices with updated models or alternative hardware not affected by this vulnerability. 6) Educate users and administrators about the risk and encourage prompt reporting of anomalies. 7) Regularly check TRENDnet’s official channels for firmware updates and apply patches immediately upon release.