CVE-2024-38085 is a use-after-free vulnerability (CWE-416) found in the Windows Graphics Component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability arises when the system improperly manages memory, freeing an object while it is still in use, which can lead to arbitrary code execution or elevation of privilege. Specifically, an attacker with limited privileges and local access can exploit this flaw to execute code in a higher privilege context, effectively elevating their privileges on the affected system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, indicating high severity, with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), privileges required low (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability all rated high (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no public exploits or patches are currently available, the vulnerability is officially published and recognized by CISA. The flaw affects only Windows 10 Version 1809, a legacy version that is still in use in some environments. Exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security boundaries, compromise sensitive data, disrupt system operations, or install persistent malware. Given the nature of the vulnerability, it is particularly dangerous in environments where users have local access but should not have elevated privileges, such as shared workstations or multi-user systems.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2024-38085 is significant, especially for those still operating Windows 10 Version 1809 in production environments. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized privilege escalation, enabling attackers to gain administrative control over affected systems. This could result in data breaches compromising confidentiality, unauthorized modification or deletion of critical data affecting integrity, and disruption or denial of service impacting availability. Sectors such as government, healthcare, finance, and critical infrastructure are particularly vulnerable due to the sensitivity of their data and the critical nature of their operations. The lack of a patch increases the risk window, and the absence of required user interaction means attacks could be automated or executed stealthily. Additionally, organizations relying on legacy software or hardware that mandates Windows 10 Version 1809 are at heightened risk. The vulnerability could also facilitate lateral movement within networks, amplifying the potential damage. Overall, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to operational security and data protection compliance obligations under regulations like GDPR.

Given the absence of an official patch, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict local access to systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 by enforcing strict physical and logical access controls, including multi-factor authentication for local logins where possible. Disable or limit use of shared or guest accounts to reduce attack surface. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Conduct network segmentation to isolate legacy systems from critical infrastructure and sensitive data stores. Where feasible, accelerate migration away from Windows 10 Version 1809 to supported Windows versions with security updates. Regularly audit and harden system configurations, removing unnecessary services and privileges. Educate users about the risks of local privilege escalation and enforce least privilege principles. Monitor security advisories closely for patch releases and apply them promptly once available. Finally, consider deploying virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) or sandboxing legacy applications to reduce exposure.