CVE-2024-38153 is a high-severity elevation of privilege vulnerability affecting Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The vulnerability is classified under CWE-367, which corresponds to a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition. This type of flaw occurs when a system checks a condition (such as permissions or resource state) and then uses the result of that check later, but an attacker can alter the state between the check and the use, leading to unexpected behavior. In this case, the vulnerability resides in the Windows kernel, allowing an attacker with limited privileges (low privileges and requiring no user interaction) to exploit the race condition to escalate their privileges to SYSTEM level. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, indicating a high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attack vector is local (AV:L), requiring the attacker to have some level of access (PR:L), but no user interaction (UI:N) is needed. The scope is unchanged (S:U), but the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and patched status is not indicated in the provided data. This vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass security controls, execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, and potentially take full control of affected systems. Given it affects Windows 10 Version 1809, which is an older but still in-use version, systems not updated or migrated to newer Windows versions remain vulnerable.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially in environments where Windows 10 Version 1809 is still deployed, such as legacy systems or specialized industrial and enterprise setups. Successful exploitation could lead to attackers gaining SYSTEM-level privileges, enabling them to install malware, exfiltrate sensitive data, disrupt services, or move laterally within networks. This is particularly critical for sectors with stringent data protection requirements under GDPR, such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions. The local attack vector means that attackers need some foothold on the system, which could be achieved via phishing, insider threats, or exploiting other vulnerabilities. Once elevated privileges are obtained, the attacker can bypass endpoint protections and escalate attacks, potentially causing widespread operational disruption and data breaches. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as proof-of-concept exploits could emerge rapidly after disclosure.

European organizations should prioritize patching or upgrading affected Windows 10 Version 1809 systems to the latest supported Windows versions where this vulnerability is resolved. Since no patch links were provided, organizations should monitor Microsoft’s official security update channels for the release of a security update addressing CVE-2024-38153. In the interim, applying strict access controls to limit local user privileges can reduce exploitation risk. Employing endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of detecting unusual privilege escalation attempts can help identify exploitation attempts early. Network segmentation and the principle of least privilege should be enforced to limit the impact if an attacker gains local access. Additionally, organizations should conduct regular audits to identify systems still running Windows 10 Version 1809 and plan for timely upgrades or decommissioning. User training to prevent initial foothold attacks and monitoring for suspicious local activity are also recommended.