CVE-2024-39001 is a prototype pollution vulnerability identified in ag-grid-enterprise version 31.3.2, specifically in the _ModuleSupport.jsonApply component. Prototype pollution occurs when an attacker can manipulate the prototype of a base object, thereby injecting or modifying properties that affect all objects inheriting from that prototype. In this case, the vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary properties into JavaScript objects, which can lead to arbitrary code execution or Denial of Service (DoS) conditions. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), but requires privileges (PR:L), meaning the attacker must have some level of access to the system or application. No user interaction is needed (UI:N), and the scope remains unchanged (S:U). The impact affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (C:L/I:L/A:L). Prototype pollution vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous in JavaScript environments because they can alter application logic or cause unexpected behavior. Although no public exploits are reported yet, the vulnerability poses a significant risk to applications relying on ag-grid-enterprise for data grid functionalities, especially in enterprise web applications. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-1321 (Improper Control of Object Prototype Attributes).

The vulnerability can allow attackers to manipulate application behavior by injecting arbitrary properties into JavaScript prototypes, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or Denial of Service. This can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected applications. Organizations using ag-grid-enterprise in critical web applications may face data breaches, service disruptions, or unauthorized code execution. Since the vulnerability requires some level of privileges, attackers who have gained limited access could escalate their impact. The medium CVSS score reflects moderate risk, but the potential for arbitrary code execution elevates the threat. Exploitation could disrupt business operations, damage reputation, and lead to regulatory compliance issues, especially in sectors handling sensitive data such as finance, healthcare, and government services.

1. Upgrade ag-grid-enterprise to a version where this vulnerability is patched once available. Monitor vendor advisories for official patches. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization to prevent injection of malicious properties into JSON or JavaScript objects. 3. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the execution of unauthorized scripts in web applications using ag-grid. 4. Restrict privileges and access controls to minimize the ability of attackers to reach the required privilege level for exploitation. 5. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing focusing on prototype pollution and object manipulation vulnerabilities. 6. Use runtime application self-protection (RASP) or web application firewalls (WAF) with rules targeting prototype pollution attack patterns. 7. Monitor application logs and behavior for anomalies indicative of prototype pollution exploitation attempts. 8. Educate developers on secure coding practices related to JavaScript object handling and prototype pollution risks.