CVE-2024-43115 is an improper input validation vulnerability classified under CWE-20 found in Apache DolphinScheduler, an open-source distributed workflow scheduling platform developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The flaw exists in versions prior to 3.2.2 and allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary shell scripts on the server by exploiting the alert script functionality. This occurs because the application fails to properly validate or sanitize inputs used to construct shell commands, enabling injection of malicious commands. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have valid user credentials but does not require additional user interaction, increasing the risk in environments with multiple users or weak access controls. Successful exploitation can lead to full system compromise, including unauthorized data access, modification, or destruction, and disruption of workflow operations. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with network attack vector, low attack complexity, and privileges required. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the severity and ease of exploitation make it a critical patching priority. The recommended remediation is upgrading to Apache DolphinScheduler version 3.3.1, which addresses the input validation flaw. Organizations should also review user permissions and monitor alert script executions for anomalies.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially to sectors relying on automated workflows and data pipelines managed by Apache DolphinScheduler, such as finance, telecommunications, manufacturing, and government services. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized execution of arbitrary code on critical servers, resulting in data breaches, operational disruptions, and potential ransomware deployment. The compromise of workflow scheduling systems can cascade to affect dependent applications and services, amplifying the impact. Given the high CVSS score and the ability to execute shell commands, attackers could gain persistent footholds or pivot within networks. The requirement for authentication limits exposure but does not eliminate risk, particularly in environments with weak credential management or insider threats. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the threat landscape could evolve rapidly. European organizations must prioritize patching and enhance monitoring to prevent exploitation.

1. Immediately upgrade Apache DolphinScheduler to version 3.3.1 or later to apply the official fix for CVE-2024-43115. 2. Restrict user permissions rigorously, ensuring only trusted and necessary users have access to alert script functionalities. 3. Implement strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication, to reduce risk from compromised credentials. 4. Audit and monitor alert script usage and server logs for unusual or unauthorized script executions. 5. Employ application-layer input validation and sanitization controls where possible to add defense-in-depth. 6. Isolate critical workflow servers in segmented network zones to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 7. Conduct regular security training for administrators and users on secure usage of workflow tools. 8. Maintain an incident response plan that includes procedures for containment and remediation of workflow system compromises.