CVE-2024-48654 is a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Blood Bank software, specifically within the login.php component. XSS vulnerabilities occur when an application does not properly sanitize user-supplied input, allowing attackers to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of a victim's browser. In this case, the vulnerability permits a remote attacker to craft a malicious script that, when delivered to and executed by a user interacting with the login page, can lead to arbitrary code execution within the browser environment. This can result in theft of session cookies, credentials, or other sensitive information, as well as manipulation of the user interface or redirection to malicious sites. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.1 reflects a medium severity, considering the attack vector is network-based (remote), requires no privileges, but does require user interaction (such as clicking a malicious link). The scope is changed (S:C), meaning the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, a well-known category for XSS issues. No patches or fixes have been published at the time of reporting, and no known exploits are currently active in the wild. The absence of affected version details suggests that the vulnerability might affect all current versions or that versioning information is not disclosed. Given the nature of the Blood Bank application, which likely handles sensitive healthcare data, the risk posed by this vulnerability is significant for confidentiality and integrity of user data.

The primary impact of CVE-2024-48654 is on the confidentiality and integrity of user data within the Blood Bank application. Successful exploitation can allow attackers to steal session tokens, user credentials, or other sensitive information entered on the login page. This can lead to unauthorized access to user accounts and potentially sensitive patient or donor information managed by the Blood Bank system. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system availability, the compromise of user accounts can lead to further attacks, data manipulation, or fraud. Healthcare organizations relying on Blood Bank software may face regulatory compliance issues, reputational damage, and operational disruptions if this vulnerability is exploited. The requirement for user interaction limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in phishing scenarios. The lack of patches increases the window of exposure. Overall, the vulnerability poses a moderate risk but can have serious consequences in healthcare environments where data privacy and integrity are critical.

To mitigate CVE-2024-48654, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on the login.php component to neutralize malicious scripts. Employing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. User input should be sanitized server-side and client-side to prevent injection of executable code. Regularly update and patch the Blood Bank application once vendor fixes become available. In the interim, consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules tailored to detect and block XSS payloads targeting the login page. Educate users about phishing risks and encourage cautious behavior when interacting with links or emails. Conduct security assessments and penetration testing focused on XSS vulnerabilities in the application. Monitor logs for suspicious activities related to login attempts or script injections. If feasible, isolate the Blood Bank application within a segmented network to limit potential lateral movement in case of compromise.