CVE-2024-49931 is a vulnerability identified in the Linux kernel's ath12k wireless driver, specifically related to the handling of SoC (System on Chip) statistics within the ath12k_soc_dp_stats structure. The issue arises from an out-of-bounds array access in the hal_reo_error array, which is defined with a maximum size of DP_REO_DST_RING_MAX. The vulnerability occurs because the function ath12k_dp_rx_process() incorrectly uses the REO destination SRNG ring ID to index into the hal_reo_error array. The SRNG ring ID differs from the normal ring ID, and this misuse leads to accessing memory beyond the allocated array bounds. This kind of out-of-bounds access can potentially cause memory corruption, leading to system instability, crashes (denial of service), or in some cases, could be leveraged for privilege escalation or arbitrary code execution if exploited carefully. The fix involves modifying ath12k_dp_rx_process() to use the normal ring ID directly instead of the SRNG ring ID, thereby preventing the out-of-bounds access. The vulnerability was tested on hardware QCN9274 hw2.0 with PCI WLAN firmware version WBE.1.0.1-00029-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-1. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no CVSS score has been assigned yet. This vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions containing the vulnerable ath12k driver code prior to the patch. Given the nature of the flaw—kernel-level out-of-bounds access in a widely used wireless driver—it represents a significant security concern that requires prompt attention from system administrators and Linux distribution maintainers.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to systems running Linux kernels with the vulnerable ath12k wireless driver, which is common in many enterprise and consumer-grade wireless network adapters. The potential impacts include system crashes or denial of service due to memory corruption, which can disrupt business operations, especially in environments relying on wireless connectivity. More critically, if exploited, it could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges, leading to full system compromise, data breaches, or lateral movement within corporate networks. Given the widespread use of Linux in servers, embedded devices, and IoT infrastructure across Europe, the vulnerability could affect a broad range of sectors including telecommunications, manufacturing, public sector, and critical infrastructure. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk, but the vulnerability's nature means it could be targeted by sophisticated threat actors, especially in high-value environments. Additionally, wireless infrastructure is often a key attack vector for initial network access, making this vulnerability particularly relevant for organizations with extensive wireless deployments.

Organizations should prioritize updating their Linux kernel to the latest patched versions that address CVE-2024-49931. Since this vulnerability is in the ath12k wireless driver, system administrators should audit their hardware inventory to identify devices using Qualcomm Atheros QCN9274 or similar chipsets that rely on this driver. For systems where immediate kernel upgrades are not feasible, consider temporarily disabling affected wireless interfaces or restricting wireless access to trusted networks only. Network segmentation and strict access controls can limit the impact of potential exploitation. Monitoring system logs for unusual kernel errors or crashes related to wireless drivers can help detect exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should coordinate with Linux distribution vendors to ensure timely deployment of patches and verify that firmware versions for wireless devices are up to date. For embedded or IoT devices using Linux with ath12k, vendors should be engaged to provide firmware updates or mitigations. Finally, maintaining robust endpoint detection and response capabilities can help identify and respond to any exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability.