CVE-2024-50012 is a vulnerability identified in the Linux kernel's CPU frequency scaling subsystem (cpufreq). The issue arises in the parse_perf_domain function, which is responsible for parsing performance domain information related to CPU devices. Specifically, if the function call of_parse_phandle_with_args returns an error, the reference count to the CPU device node acquired at the start of the function is not properly decremented. This improper reference counting can lead to a bad reference count on the CPU node, potentially causing resource leaks or use-after-free conditions. The vulnerability is addressed by declaring the variable holding the device node with the __free(device_node) cleanup attribute, ensuring that the reference is properly released even when errors occur. Although the vulnerability does not have an assigned CVSS score and no known exploits are reported in the wild, the flaw relates to kernel memory management and device node lifecycle, which are critical for system stability and security. Improper reference counting in kernel code can lead to unpredictable behavior, including kernel crashes or escalation of privileges if exploited in conjunction with other vulnerabilities. The affected versions are identified by specific commit hashes, indicating that this vulnerability impacts certain recent Linux kernel builds prior to the patch. The vulnerability was published on October 21, 2024, and is recognized by the Linux project and CISA, highlighting its importance in the security community.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2024-50012 depends on their reliance on Linux-based systems, particularly those using CPU frequency scaling features. Many enterprises, cloud providers, and critical infrastructure operators in Europe deploy Linux servers and embedded devices where kernel stability and security are paramount. A bad reference count in kernel device nodes can lead to system instability, crashes, or denial of service, affecting availability. While no direct evidence of exploitation exists, the vulnerability could be leveraged as part of a multi-stage attack to escalate privileges or cause persistent denial of service, especially in environments where kernel debugging or security monitoring is limited. This could disrupt business operations, especially in sectors like finance, telecommunications, manufacturing, and government services that rely heavily on Linux infrastructure. Additionally, embedded Linux devices used in industrial control systems or IoT deployments across Europe could be indirectly affected, potentially impacting operational technology environments. The lack of a known exploit reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future exploitation, making timely patching critical.

European organizations should prioritize updating their Linux kernels to versions that include the fix for CVE-2024-50012. Specifically, they should apply patches that introduce the __free(device_node) cleanup attribute in the parse_perf_domain function to ensure proper reference counting. Kernel updates should be tested in staging environments to avoid regressions. Organizations should also audit their systems to identify Linux hosts running affected kernel versions and schedule immediate patching. Employing kernel integrity monitoring and enhanced logging can help detect abnormal kernel behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. For embedded and IoT devices, vendors should be contacted to obtain updated firmware or kernel versions. Additionally, organizations should implement strict access controls and limit user privileges on Linux systems to reduce the risk of exploitation. Monitoring for unusual system crashes or performance degradation can provide early warning signs. Finally, maintaining a robust incident response plan that includes kernel-level vulnerabilities will help mitigate potential impacts.