CVE-2024-55918 affects the Graphics::ColorNames Perl package versions before 3.2.0. The root cause is an ambiguity between module names and filenames within the package, which can be exploited if an attacker can place a file in the current working directory. This scenario enables the attacker to inject arbitrary HTML content, leading to HTML injection vulnerabilities. The vulnerability does not directly compromise confidentiality or integrity but can affect availability by potentially disrupting normal application behavior or causing denial of service through malformed HTML or script injection. The attack vector is network-based, requiring no privileges or user interaction, making it easier to exploit in environments where untrusted users can write files to the working directory. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-94, which involves improper control of code or script injection, highlighting the risk of executing or rendering untrusted content. No patches or exploit code are currently publicly available, but the issue is documented and published as of December 13, 2024. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for web applications or scripts that rely on the Graphics::ColorNames package and run in environments where file creation by untrusted users is possible.

The primary impact of CVE-2024-55918 is the potential for HTML injection, which can lead to denial of service or disruption of application availability. While it does not directly expose sensitive data or allow unauthorized data modification, the injection of malicious HTML could be leveraged to interfere with application functionality or user experience. Organizations running Perl applications that utilize the vulnerable Graphics::ColorNames package in environments where untrusted users can write files to the working directory are at risk. This includes shared hosting environments, continuous integration systems, or web servers with misconfigured permissions. The ease of exploitation without authentication or user interaction increases the threat level in such scenarios. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the vulnerability could be targeted by attackers aiming to disrupt services or conduct further attacks via chained vulnerabilities. The scope is limited to applications using the affected package versions and environments permitting file creation by attackers.

To mitigate CVE-2024-55918, organizations should upgrade the Graphics::ColorNames package to version 3.2.0 or later, where the ambiguity issue has been resolved. If immediate upgrading is not feasible, restrict file creation permissions in the working directories of applications using this package to prevent untrusted users from placing files that could be used for injection. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on any user-supplied data that might influence file paths or module loading. Employ application-level controls to isolate execution environments, such as containerization or sandboxing, to limit the impact of potential injection. Monitor logs for unusual file creation or access patterns in directories used by Perl applications. Additionally, review and harden web server and script execution permissions to minimize the attack surface. Regularly audit dependencies and apply security updates promptly to reduce exposure to such vulnerabilities.