CVE-2025-0678: Integer Overflow or Wraparound
A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
The vulnerability in grub2 arises from the squash4 filesystem module using user-controlled parameters to determine internal buffer sizes without proper integer overflow validation. This flaw can cause buffer size calculations to overflow, resulting in grub_malloc() allocating smaller buffers than intended. Consequently, the direct_read() function may perform heap-based out-of-bounds writes during data reads. Exploitation of this vulnerability could corrupt critical grub data structures and enable arbitrary code execution, circumventing secure boot mechanisms. The CVSS v3.1 score is 7.8 (High), reflecting local attack vector with low complexity, requiring low privileges and no user interaction, and impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Potential Impact
Successful exploitation allows an attacker with local access to a maliciously crafted squash4 filesystem to trigger heap-based out-of-bounds writes in grub2. This can corrupt critical internal data structures and potentially lead to arbitrary code execution, bypassing secure boot protections. The impact includes full compromise of the bootloader integrity and system security.
Mitigation Recommendations
Patch status is not yet confirmed — check the vendor advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0678 for current remediation guidance. No explicit patch or workaround information is provided in the advisory content. Users should monitor the vendor advisory for updates and apply official fixes once available.
CVE-2025-0678: Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Description
A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.
CVSS v3.1
Score 7.8high
Affected software
AI-Powered Analysis
Machine-generated threat intelligence
Technical Analysis
The vulnerability in grub2 arises from the squash4 filesystem module using user-controlled parameters to determine internal buffer sizes without proper integer overflow validation. This flaw can cause buffer size calculations to overflow, resulting in grub_malloc() allocating smaller buffers than intended. Consequently, the direct_read() function may perform heap-based out-of-bounds writes during data reads. Exploitation of this vulnerability could corrupt critical grub data structures and enable arbitrary code execution, circumventing secure boot mechanisms. The CVSS v3.1 score is 7.8 (High), reflecting local attack vector with low complexity, requiring low privileges and no user interaction, and impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Potential Impact
Successful exploitation allows an attacker with local access to a maliciously crafted squash4 filesystem to trigger heap-based out-of-bounds writes in grub2. This can corrupt critical internal data structures and potentially lead to arbitrary code execution, bypassing secure boot protections. The impact includes full compromise of the bootloader integrity and system security.
Mitigation Recommendations
Patch status is not yet confirmed — check the vendor advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0678 for current remediation guidance. No explicit patch or workaround information is provided in the advisory content. Users should monitor the vendor advisory for updates and apply official fixes once available.
Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.1
- Assigner Short Name
- redhat
- Date Reserved
- 2025-01-23T16:30:21.331Z
- Cvss Version
- 3.1
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Vendor Advisory Urls
- [{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0678","vendor":"Red Hat"}]
Threat ID: 6868be146f40f0eb72a6ac7b
Added to database: 07/05/2025, 05:54:28 UTC
Last enriched: 07/02/2026, 22:14:32 UTC
Last updated: 09/10/2026, 19:36:49 UTC
Views: 238
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