CVE-2025-10401VulnerabilityPublished 14 Sep 2025Updated 15 Sep 2025

CVE-2025-10401: D-Link DIR-823x · Command Injection

Affects D-Link DIR-823xSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 9.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 95% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 14 Sep 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
D-Link DIR-823x	Affected =250416	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

1. Immediate Network Segmentation: Isolate affected D-Link DIR-823x routers from critical internal networks to limit potential lateral movement if compromised. 2. Access Controls: Restrict remote management interfaces and disable WAN-side access to router management portals to reduce exposure. 3. Firmware Updates: Monitor D-Link's official channels for firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-10401 and apply patches promptly once available. 4. Network Monitoring: Implement intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to detect unusual traffic patterns or command injection attempts targeting /goform/diag_ping endpoints. 5. Replace or Upgrade Hardware: Where feasible, consider replacing vulnerable routers with models that have confirmed security patches or better security track records. 6. Incident Response Preparedness: Prepare to respond to potential exploitation by maintaining logs, enabling alerting on suspicious router behavior, and having a recovery plan for compromised devices. 7. User Awareness: Educate users about the risks of using vulnerable routers and encourage secure configuration practices, including changing default credentials and disabling unnecessary services. 8. Network Traffic Filtering: Employ firewall rules to block suspicious outbound connections originating from routers that could indicate command injection exploitation or subsequent malicious activity.

Description

A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-823x up to 250416. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /goform/diag_ping. Performing manipulation of the argument target_addr results in command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is now public and may be used.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk, especially for small to medium enterprises and residential users relying on D-Link DIR-823x routers. Compromise of these routers could lead to unauthorized access to internal networks, interception of sensitive data, or disruption of network services. Given the remote exploitability without authentication, attackers could target exposed devices directly from the internet, increasing the attack surface. In sectors such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, where network integrity and confidentiality are paramount, exploitation could facilitate further lateral movement or data exfiltration. Additionally, compromised routers could be used as part of botnets for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, impacting broader network stability. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise or widespread disruption without additional factors. However, the public availability of exploit code heightens the urgency for mitigation, as less skilled attackers could leverage this vulnerability. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using these routers at home may also face increased risk, potentially bridging attacks from less secure home environments into corporate networks.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 22 Sep 2025, 00:31 UTC

Technical details

References

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