CVE-2025-10479 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the SourceCodester Online Student File Management System. The vulnerability exists in an unspecified function within the /index.php file, where manipulation of the 'stud_no' parameter allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This flaw enables remote exploitation without requiring authentication or user interaction, as the attack vector is a network-based injection through a web parameter. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent, as the vector allows an attacker to potentially read or modify database contents related to student files. The exploit has been publicly released, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no confirmed active exploitation in the wild has been reported yet. The lack of a vendor patch or mitigation guidance at this time increases the urgency for affected organizations to implement compensating controls. The vulnerability arises from insufficient input validation or parameterized query usage in the application code, a common cause of SQL injection flaws. Given the nature of the system—managing student files—sensitive personal and academic data could be exposed or altered, leading to privacy violations and potential disruption of educational services.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the SourceCodester Online Student File Management System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of student data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal information, academic records, and possibly credentials stored in the database. This could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR, leading to legal and financial penalties. Additionally, data tampering could disrupt academic operations and damage institutional reputation. The availability impact is limited but possible if attackers execute destructive SQL commands. The public availability of an exploit increases the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, especially against less-secured or unpatched systems. European educational entities often have interconnected systems and shared databases, which could amplify the impact if lateral movement is possible after initial compromise.

1. Immediate implementation of web application firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'stud_no' parameter. 2. Conduct a thorough code review and refactor the affected application to use parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions, eliminating direct concatenation of user inputs. 3. Apply strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially parameters used in SQL queries. 4. Monitor logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated failed attempts indicative of injection attacks. 5. If possible, isolate the vulnerable system from critical networks until a patch or secure update is available. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop a security patch and apply it promptly once available. 7. Educate IT staff and users about the risks and signs of exploitation to improve detection and response. 8. Regularly back up databases and verify restoration procedures to mitigate data loss or corruption from potential attacks.